A cross-sectional study of enteric disease risks associated with water quality and sanitation in Hyderabad City

Mohanty, J C; Ford, Tim; Harrington, Joseph J.; Lakshmipathy, V.

doi:10.2166/aqua.2002.0021

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In Hyderabad City, India, the city aims for a residual concentration of 1 -2 mg l 21 at the tap, and as a result an average of 4 mg l 21 of chlorine is added at the treatment plant (Mohanty et al 2003).…”

Section: Inadequate Disinfection Residualmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002). For instance, in Hyderabad, India, it was observed that pipelines laid only 1 metre below the surface cracked under high traffic loads (Mohanty et al 2003).…”

Section: Leakagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If leaks occur in the pipeline and fecal contamination exists in the environment because of inadequate sewage collection or leaking wastewater pipes, a route exists for contaminants to be introduced into the water supply. This is a significant problem, since the greater the amount of leaks in the pipeline, the more opportunities for pressure loss and therefore the greater probability of contamination through the introduction of pathogens (Mohanty et al 2003). In addition, water sampled in Mexico City had high total and fecal coliform levels, thought to result from broken or poorly maintained pipes (Gaytan et al 1997).…”

Section: Leakagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in developed countries, it is not uncommon to find pipes in service that are at least a century old (Haas 1998). In Hyderabad5, India, the oldest parts of the city's distribution system are approximately 100 years old; others are 60 -70 years old and badly corroded (Mohanty et al 2003). Chowdhury and colleagues (2002) also found that, in one Bangladeshi zone, approximately 20% of the piping from early last century was corroded and leaking and over 50% of sluice valves and fittings were badly rusted.…”

Section: Corrosion and Ageing Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries

Lee

Schwab

2005

Journal of Water and Health

273

159

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Rapidly growing populations and migration to urban areas in developing countries has resulted in a vital need for the establishment of centralized water systems to disseminate potable water to residents. Protected source water and modern, well-maintained drinking water treatment plants can provide water adequate for human consumption. However, ageing, stressed or poorly maintained distribution systems can cause the quality of piped drinking water to deteriorate below acceptable levels and pose serious health risks. This review will outline distribution system deficiencies in developing countries caused by: the failure to disinfect water or maintain a proper disinfection residual; low pipeline water pressure; intermittent service; excessive network leakages; corrosion of parts; inadequate sewage disposal; and inequitable pricing and usage of water. Through improved research, monitoring and surveillance, increased understanding of distribution system deficiencies may focus limited resources on key areas in an effort to improve public health and decrease global disease burden.

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Section: Inadequate Disinfection Residualmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002). For instance, in Hyderabad, India, it was observed that pipelines laid only 1 metre below the surface cracked under high traffic loads (Mohanty et al 2003).…”

Section: Leakagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leakagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion and Ageing Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries

Lee

Schwab

2005

Journal of Water and Health

273

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Contamination of surface water bodies with pathogenic agents (including bacteria, viruses and protozoa) could result in the transmission of waterborne and water-related diseases to people using the water for domestic purposes (Fong and Lipp 2005; World Health Organization 2008), to swimmers (Gersberg et al 2006; Abdelzaher et al 2010), and to agricultural workers and the consumers of crops irrigated with polluted waters (Shuval 1990; Mohanty et al 2002; Gemmell and Schmidt 2012). Many viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases have been associated with waterborne transmission (Hunter 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the bacteriological qualities of the Buffalo River and three source water dams along its course in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Chigor

Sibanda

Okoh

2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The Buffalo River and its dams are major surface water sources used for fresh produce irrigation, raw water abstraction and recreation in parts of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Over a 12-month period (August 2010 to July 2011), we assessed the bacteriological qualities of water from the river and 3 source water dams along its course. Faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), including total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC) and enterococci (ENT) counts, were high and ranged as follows: 1.9 × 102–3.8 × 107, 0–3.0 × 105 and 0–5.3 × 105 cfu/100 ml for TC, FC and ENT, respectively. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of FC and ENT were observed at the sampling sites located at the lower reaches of the river compared to the upper reaches, and at Bridle Drift Dam compared to the other two dams. FIB counts mostly exceeded the recommended maximum values suggested by national and international guidelines for safe fresh produce irrigation, domestic applications, full-contact recreation and livestock watering. These results show that the bacteriological qualities of the Buffalo River and dams were poor, and suggest that sewage was dumped into the Buffalo River during the study period. Urban runoffs and effluents of wastewater treatment plants appear to be important sources of faecal contamination in the river. We conclude that these water bodies represent significant public health hazards. Provision of adequate sanitary infrastructure will help prevent source water contamination, and public health education aimed at improving personal, household and community hygiene is imperative.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-012-1348-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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