A Cross-Sectional Study of Hematological Parameters in the Geriatric Population Using Peripheral Smear Examination and a Five-Part Cell Counter

Abstract

Background: "Healthy aging" is a major public health challenge, as the prevalence and incidence of diseases are much higher in older people. Among them, diabetes mellitus, hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular illnesses are the most prevalent chronic ailments. A complete blood count test can give an overall picture of a patient's health status because abnormal counts might indicate the presence of many different types of disease. Using advanced hematology analyzers, a typical microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear can yield vital information about the clinical state of the patient. The objective of the study was to investigate the hematological parameters in the elderly population in a tertiary care hospital, utilizing a five-part cell counter and a peripheral smear test. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care institute on 188 patients aged 60 years and above attending the outpatient department for two years. The routine complete blood count and differential count were determined on the Siemens Advia 2120 analyzer. All the data were collected and entered into the data sheets. Appropriate statistical analysis was carried out to interpret the results. Results: HTN, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and generalized weakness were the most common conditions affecting our senior group. Decreased Hb was positively correlated with widespread weakness. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was found to be more prevalent in people with CVD and HTN. A sizable share of the elderly population who had diabetes mellitus and CVD showed an elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage. Conclusion: The results indicated a significant deviation from normal hematological parameters, which were associated with various health issues. These parametric associations can be used as risk indicators, which can help healthcare professionals ensure the good health of the geriatric population.