A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and clinical profile of HIV patients at ART plus centre, Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to understand the regional variation in the socio-demographic and clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients at antiretroviral therapy plus centre of Sawai Man Singh (SMS) hospital, Jaipur, India. 
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV patients from January to December 2019. The HIV-positive patients of all age groups and all categories were included in the study. The socio-economic status was assessed by BG Prasad classification-based consumer price index. However, the clinical staging was done according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of HIV/AIDS. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
 Results: Among 525 HIV patients 59.16% were males, 40.26% females and 0.57% intersex. About half (51.0%) in the reproductive age group with mean age 36 ±13 years. The commonest mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual (89.77%). Maximum belonged to social class I (57.84%) and class II (26.05 %) of BG Prasad's socioeconomic status. Each of the non-agricultural laborers and semi-skilled workers constitutes 18.0%, and the housewives were 23.6%. At the time of presentation, baseline CD4+Tcell count was <350 /mm3 in 55.0% of HIV patients. Pulmonary tuberculosis and skin involvement were the most predominant secondary opportunistic infections accounting for 24.8% and 7.8%, respectively. More than half (52.09%) of patients were in WHO clinical stage I of HIV disease.
 Conclusion: Socio-demographic and clinical profile of study participants reflect an impact of early case detection and timely institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

A cross-sectional study of demographic and clinical profile of HIV patients at ART center of tertiary care hospital

“…31 Although, numerous other studies have reported about some other complaints such as problem in conception, fertility, 32 and neurological disorders. 33 The overall spectrum of opportunistic infection in our study is similar to the previous studies done at the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 13 SMS Jaipur, 9 and at Gauhati Medical College. 31 However, the percentage of the patients with candidiasis, and other infections were lesser when compared to above mentioned studies.…”

“…This shows an impact of early case detection and timely institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). These findings are similar to the study done in SMS Jaipur, 9 Lok Nayak hospital in New Delhi 25 but contradictory to the study done in the rural tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra state, 15 where 42.5% of patients were in Stage III. In our study, sample 82 (58.6%) HIV patients were suffering from underweight (BMI<18.5).…”

“…In our study majority of patients belonged to Poor social Class IV 51 (36.4%) and lower middle class 47 (33.6%). However, they were similar to the study conducted at rural tertiary care hospital Maharashtra, 15 in which most patients belonged to social Class III & IV (modified B.G Prasad's social classification), contradictory to the study carried at SMS Jaipur 9 where majority of patients belonged to social class I.…”

“…Male preponderance was also observed in the study conducted by Ahmad et al, 10 and Singh et al 11 Another study was done at Sardar Valabhbai Patel Hospital, Meerut in western UP 12 found the results at par with our study. In our study, 101 (72.1%) of patients were in the reproductive age group (19-40), while the study conducted at the SMS hospital, 9 Jaipur, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 13 found that 51.0% and 78.0 % of patients were in this age group, respectively.…”

“…These findings were remarkably similar to most previous studies conducted on the socio-demographic profile of HIV patients. [8][9][10][11][12] Emphasizing that if specific measures are applied like encouraging people to adopt and maintain risk reduction strategies, including condom use, adherence to HIV treatment, and sterile injection practices, it can decrease HIV transmission as per cited on HIV.gov. 14 A female spouse was found more vulnerable to HIV infection than a male spouse from their partner.…”