A cross-sectional study of United States family medicine residency programme director burnout: implications for mitigation efforts and future research

Psenka, Tamatha M; Freedy, John R.; Mims, Lisa D; DeCastro, Alec O; Berini, Carole; Díaz, Vanessa A.; Jarrett, Jennie B.; Steyer, Terrence E.

doi:10.1093/fampra/cmaa075

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, constant change management and complex accreditation standards negatively affect morale, add to overall workload, increase burnout, and cause attrition ( Choa et al , 2022 ; Mullins & Gunderman, 2015 ; Yager et al , 2022 ). Emotional exhaustion and depression have been observed in burned out program directors ( Psenka et al , 2020 ). We believe these stressors affect program directors in most specialties and determine the context and projected timelines for them to step down.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical tips for navigating a program director transition

Gisondi¹,

Hopson²,

Regan³

et al. 2023

MedEdPublish

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Residency and fellowship program directors profoundly impact trainees, institutions, and patient safety. Yet, there is concern for rapid attrition in the role. The average program director tenure is only 4-7 years, and that timeline is likely a result of burnout or opportunities for career advancement. Program director transitions must be carefully executed to ensure minimal disruption to the program. Transitions benefit from clear communication with trainees and other stakeholders, well-planned successions or searches for a replacement, and clearly delineated expectations and responsibilities of the outgoing program director. In this Practical Tips, four former residency program directors offer a roadmap for a successful program director transition, with specific recommendations to guide critical decisions and steps in the process. Themes emphasized include readiness for a transition, communication strategies, alignment of program mission and search efforts, and anticipatory support to ensure the success of the new director.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical tips for navigating a program director transition

Gisondi¹,

Hopson²,

Regan³

et al. 2023

MedEdPublish

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, we had a few missing data points and the number of respondents followed recommendations for the validation of questionnaires 33 40. Despite the literature reports that a high drop-out rate is inherent to this type of study with several questionnaires,49 the number of participants who responded to both the test and retest was higher than commonly reported in the literature 42 43. However, VAS for job demand and job control have some limits concerning discrimination of at-risk workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, VAS of job demand and job control should be used frequently in common routine clinical practice of occupational physicians 42. Physicians do not have time to go to the workplaces of every stressed worker to investigate working conditions, to individually clarify the situation with managers, and to find solutions 43 44. Identifying workers under the highest pressure with improved accuracy would assist by reducing the numbers in this group to a manageable sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Visual Analogue Scales of job demand and job control at the workplace: a cross-sectional study

Dutheil

Pereira²,

Bouillon‐Minois

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesWork-related stress is a major concern. One of the best performing models is the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) of Karasek, assessing job demand and job control using 18 items. However, the JCQ is long and complex. Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) are easy to use and quick to implement. VASs have been validated to assess pain and occupational stress; however, VASs demand and control have not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to validate the use of VAS demand and control compared with the 18 items of the JCQ.DesignWe implemented a cross-sectional observational study, by administering a self-reported questionnaire to the users of Wittyfit software, with a second test (retest) proposed 1 week later. In addition to JCQ, VAS demand and control, we measured sociodemographic outcomes, as well as characteristics of work, sleep, well-being, stress, depression and anxiety.Participants190 volunteers French workers using WittyFit software participated in the study, and 129 completed the test–retest.ResultsVAS demand and VAS control correlated with the two Karasek domains from the JCQ, respectively, at 0.59 and 0.57 (p<0.001). Test–retest reliability highlighted concordance coefficients higher than 0.70. Sensitivity was higher than 70% for each VAS. External validity was acceptable. For both demand and control, VAS cut-offs were 75/100. Compared with other workers, senior executives and individuals with master’s degrees had higher levels of job control but did not differ in job demand using the VAS and JCQ.ConclusionsVAS demand and VAS control are valid, quick, easy to use, and reliable tools for the assessment of job demand and job control. They can be used in daily clinical practice for primary prevention and diagnosis. However, when results are over 75 mm on VAS, we promote the use of JCQ to be more discriminant and specific to initiate action plans to help workers.Trial registration numberNCT02596737.

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“…Burnout, defined as a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion,2 affects family physicians in significant numbers, in some cases more than 50% of a given family doctor sample 3,4. Often attributable to causing burnout in physicians, and family physicians in particular, are work- and job-related factors that can include workload,5 time pressures,6 reductions in autonomy,7 and job-related stress 3. Personal factors such as gender and age may also be associated with different rates of burnout among family physicians 8,9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Burnout Among Family Physicians in the United States: A Review of the Literature

Hoff,

Trovato,

Kitsakos

2023

Quality Management in Health Care

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Background and Objectives: Burnout among physicians who work in primary care is an important problem that impacts health care quality, local communities, and the public's health. It can degrade the quality of primary care services in an area and exacerbate workforce shortages. This study conducted a review of the published research on burnout among family physicians working in the United States. Methods: We used a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided approach and several article databases to identify, filter, and analyze published research on US family physician burnout that uses data collected from 2015 onward. Results: Thirty-three empirical studies were identified with findings that included US family physician burnout prevalence and/or associations between burnout and specific personal and contextual drivers. Mean family physician burnout prevalence across studies that measured it was 35%. Almost half of the studies classified one-third or more of their family physician samples as burned out. Physician gender (being female), age (being younger), and job/work-related factors (workload, time pressures) were the most commonly identified correlates of family physician burnout. The vast majority of studies were cross-sectional and used secondary data. Conclusions: The extant research literature on family physician burnout in the United States shows that burnout is currently a meaningful problem. Several important correlates of the problem can be identified, some of which managers and health care organizations can proactively address. Other correlates require managers and health care organizations also viewing family physicians in differentiated ways. The collective literature can be improved through a more consistent focus on similar burnout correlates across studies; inclusion of interventions aimed at lessening the effects of key burnout correlates; employment of more robust longitudinal and quasi-experimental research designs; and additional pandemic-era data collection on burnout.

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A cross-sectional study of United States family medicine residency programme director burnout: implications for mitigation efforts and future research

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Practical tips for navigating a program director transition

Practical tips for navigating a program director transition

Validation of Visual Analogue Scales of job demand and job control at the workplace: a cross-sectional study

Burnout Among Family Physicians in the United States: A Review of the Literature

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