A cross‐sectional study on intergenerational parenting and attachment patterns in adult children of parents with mental illness

Patrick, Pamela; McLean, Louise Anne

doi:10.1111/cfs.12641

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…As children, even though they knew something was wrong with the parent due to their symptomatic behaviours, they could not connect the behaviours with the fact that the parent had mental illness (Foster, 2010). As children, they also had to take on caretaking responsibilities like raising younger children and helping the parent take their medication (Foster, 2010; Patrick et al, 2019). Findings of this nature relate more to the personal experience, not throwing further light on interactions with other people in the family like the other parent without mental illness or siblings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living with parental mental illness is like a roller coaster: Reflections on children's lifeworld in the family setting

Cudjoe

Tam

Effah³

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives To explore what it is like for children in the family setting to live with parental mental illness. Background There are reported risks of negative social and behavioural outcomes among children living with parental mental illness such as poor school performance, isolation and poor mental health. There is yet more to know about how children's interactions with significant members of the family shape their experiences. Design A phenomenological design following Husserl's concepts of lifeworld and inter‐subjectivity was adapted for the study. Method Twenty‐one children (ages 10–17) who lived with a parent with mental illness were interviewed. The data were analysed to attain the essential features of the phenomenon. The study followed the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies. Findings The essence of the phenomenon ‘living with parental mental illness’ in the family setting comprises strain, sadness and some happy moments. Living with parental mental illness can produce unpredictable life situations for children as relationships and interactions in the family setting can be chaotic and confusing. The ups and downs define their lifeworld as a roller coaster. Strenuous family environment, sibling interaction, navigating separate living arrangements and there are good days were specific themes that clarified the children's lives as a roller coaster. Conclusion A concept called the ‘parent paradox’ is coined to reflect how children are torn between what their living situation looks like comparing the parent with mental illness and the other without mental illness. The paradox is founded on children's loyalty towards their parents. Relevance to clinical practice To break the unhealthy cycle created by the parent paradox, mental health nurses should ensure that children are well informed about the parent's mental condition including information about treatment procedures and recovery. Child's psychological distress may be reduced when they are informed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with parental mental illness is like a roller coaster: Reflections on children's lifeworld in the family setting

Cudjoe

Tam

Effah³

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These theories focus on the role of the early caregiver–child relationships and assume that (a lack of) security of attachment affects the child's self-(emotion)regulatory capacity and therefore his or her emotional, behavioral, and social competence (Veríssimo et al, 2014 ; Brumariu, 2015 ; Groh et al, 2016 ). Research has identified a number of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to the development or progression of psychosocial problems (Arango et al, 2018 ), namely, trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and temperament (Boursnell, 2011 ; Sellers et al, 2013 ; Wright and Simms, 2015 ; Patrick et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Art Therapy for Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Narrative Review on Art Therapeutic Means and Forms of Expression, Therapist Behavior, and Supposed Mechanisms of Change

et al. 2020

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Background: Art therapy (AT) is frequently offered to children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. AT is an experiential form of treatment in which the use of art materials, the process of creation in the presence and guidance of an art therapist, and the resulting artwork are assumed to contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems. Although previous research reports positive effects, there is a lack of knowledge on which (combination of) art therapeutic components contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems in children and adolescents. Method: A systematic narrative review was conducted to give an overview of AT interventions for children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. Fourteen databases and four electronic journals up to January 2020 were systematically searched. The applied means and forms of expression, therapist behavior, supposed mechanisms of change, and effects were extracted and coded. Results: Thirty-seven studies out of 1,299 studies met the inclusion criteria. This concerned 16 randomized controlled trials, eight controlled trials, and 13 single-group pre–post design studies. AT interventions for children and adolescents are characterized by a variety of materials/techniques, forms of structure such as giving topics or assignments, and the use of language. Three forms of therapist behavior were seen: non-directive, directive, and eclectic. All three forms of therapist behavior, in combination with a variety of means and forms of expression, showed significant effects on psychosocial problems. Conclusions: The results showed that the use of means and forms of expression and therapist behavior is applied flexibly. This suggests the responsiveness of AT, in which means and forms of expression and therapist behavior are applied to respond to the client's needs and circumstances, thereby giving positive results for psychosocial outcomes. For future studies, presenting detailed information on the potential beneficial effects of used therapeutic perspectives, means, art techniques, and therapist behavior is recommended to get a better insight into (un)successful art therapeutic elements.

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“…Having a household member with mental illness was reported by 32.8% of patients. These ndings were much higher than the global estimation of 15% and 23% of children living with parent with mental illness (Patrick et al, 2019).The literature suggests that mental illness in the household creates a non conducive environment to the optimal development of a child. It is therefore better to detect and treat mental illness during the postnatal period as early as possible.The bene t may be the prevention of harmful consequences such as insecure infant attachment at 2 and 18 months and maladaptive behaviours of the patients including maltreatment of their children (Slomian et al, 2019).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 74%

Prevalence of Childhood Adversities Among Inpatients With Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study At Neuropsychiatric Referral Hospital in Rwanda

Nyirimana

Rutakayile²,

Mudenge

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The world is dealing with a significant socio-economic burden that must be addressed to secure a favourable future.To figure out this problem, there is an urgent need of healthy and well educated adult population to participate effectively in global economy.Indeed, childhood experiences may affect adult health outcome.Responsive caregiving during childhood is associated with good physical and mental health.On the other hand,a strong link was established between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and poor adult physical and mental health outcomes.This study assessed the prevalence of ACEs among adult patients with mental disorders admitted to the post-crisis wards at Caraes Ndera Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. Methodology : This research was developed as a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved a total of 122 patients aged 18 to 64 years.A convenience sampling was used to collect data using the the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Data was analyzed in terms of frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0). Results Initially, 159 participants were invited to join the study, 122 (77%) met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily consented to participate. Of the 122 participants, 43.4% were female, 61% were youth, 67.2% had primary school as the highest level of education and 29.5% did not work during the last 12 months. Having separated/divorced or deceased parents was the most frequent ACE item with 64.8% of participants responding affirmatively. Nearly all (98.4%) participants had at least one ACE and 77.9% had at least 4 ACEs. Conclusions This study on ACEs in Rwandan adults with mental disorders revealed that 98.4% had at least one ACE and almost 80% of the 122 participants had at least 4 ACEs.The findings indicate that there is a significant need to implement interventions necessary for the prevention of ACEs. Such interventions are necessary to mitigate negative effects of ACEs on child development, to increase children’s resiliency and to improve future adult physical and mental health outcomes.

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A cross‐sectional study on intergenerational parenting and attachment patterns in adult children of parents with mental illness

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Living with parental mental illness is like a roller coaster: Reflections on children's lifeworld in the family setting

Living with parental mental illness is like a roller coaster: Reflections on children's lifeworld in the family setting

Art Therapy for Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Narrative Review on Art Therapeutic Means and Forms of Expression, Therapist Behavior, and Supposed Mechanisms of Change

Prevalence of Childhood Adversities Among Inpatients With Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study At Neuropsychiatric Referral Hospital in Rwanda

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