A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Non-Fatal Drug Overdose and Associated Risk Characteristics Among Out-of-Treatment Injecting Drug Users in North Vietnam

Bergenström, Anne; Quan, Vu Minh; Nam, Le Van; McClausland, Kristen; Thuoc, Nguyen Phuong; Celentano, David D.; Go, Vivian F.

doi:10.1080/10826080701205109

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As well, whereas ATOS examined self-report of non-fatal overdose at baseline only, which could have been seven years before a participant deceased, the longitudinal nature of the VIDUS cohort allowed us to look at the effect of recent non-fatal overdose. Risk factors for non-fatal overdose have been carefully described across a range of geographical areas and demographic populations (Bergenstrom et al, 2008; Havens et al, 2011; Quan et al, 2011). In describing the association with future fatal overdose our analyses support and add value to the significant work done globally to identify individuals and populations at risk for non-fatal overdose (Darke et al, 2005; Warner-Smith et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fatal overdose as a risk factor for subsequent fatal overdose among people who inject drugs

Caudarella

Dong

Milloy

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

198

131

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Objectives To examine the relationship between non-fatal overdose and risk of subsequent fatal overdose. Methods We assessed risk factors for overdose death among two prospective cohorts of persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Vancouver, Canada. Extended Cox regression was used to examine if reports of non-fatal overdose were associated with the time to fatal overdose while adjusting for other behavioral, social and structural confounders. Results Between May, 1996 and December, 2011, 2,317 individuals were followed for a median of 60.8 months. In total, 134 fatal overdose deaths were identified for an incidence density of 8.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.55 – 10.59) deaths per 1,000 person-years. During the study period there were 1795 reports of non-fatal overdose. In a multivariate model, recent non-fatal overdose was independently associated with the time to overdose mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.17 - 3.27). As well, there was a dose response effect of increasing cumulative reports of non-fatal overdose on subsequent fatal overdose. Conclusion Reports of recent non-fatal overdose were independently associated with subsequent overdose mortality in a dose-response relationship. These findings suggest that individuals reporting recent non-fatal overdose should be engaged with intensive overdose prevention interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fatal overdose as a risk factor for subsequent fatal overdose among people who inject drugs

Caudarella

Dong

Milloy

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

198

131

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“…It is associated with the HIV epidemic but is also responsible for numerous overdoses, a high level of morbidity and a heavy family and social burden (Bergenstrom et al, 2008; Giang et al, 2013; Lee et al, 2015; Quan et al, 2011; Rudolph et al, 2012; Salter et al, 2010). Today the main drug used in Vietnam is heroin, usually injected, while the second most commonly used drug is methamphetamine, almost exclusively smoked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous heroin use in Haiphong, Vietnam: Need for comprehensive care including methamphetamine use-related interventions

Laurent

Jarlais

Thi

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background The aim of this study was to describe patterns among people who inject drugs (PWID), risk-related behaviours and access to methadone treatment, in order to design a large-scale intervention aiming to end the HIV epidemic in Haiphong, Vietnam. Methods A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey was first conducted to identify profiles of drug use and HIV risk-related behaviour among PWID. A sample of PWID was then included in a one-year cohort study to describe access to methadone treatment and associated factors. Results Among the 603 patients enrolled in the RDS survey, 10% were female, all were injecting heroin and 24% were using methamphetamine, including 3 (0.5%) through injection. Different profiles of risk-related behaviours were identified, including one entailing high-risk sexual behaviour (n = 37) and another involving drug-related high-risk practices (n = 22). High-risk sexual activity was related to binge drinking and methamphetamine use. Among subjects with low sexual risk, sexual intercourse with a main partner with unknown serostatus was often unprotected. Among the 250 PWID included in the cohort, 55.2% initiated methadone treatment during the follow-up (versus 4.4% at RDS); methamphetamine use significantly increased. The factors associated with not being treated with methadone after 52 weeks were fewer injections per month and being a methamphetamine user at RDS. Conclusion Heroin is still the main drug injected in Haiphong. Methamphetamine use is increasing markedly and is associated with delay in methadone initiation. Drug-related risks are low but sexual risk behaviours are still present. Comprehensive approaches are needed in the short term.

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“…Mortality rates among male IDUs are 13.4 times higher than the general male population after indirect standardization. Though the leading cause of death in IDUs was AIDS-related illness (31%), an additional 27% were caused by overdoses [1,2]. Beyond physical morbidity and mortality, drug use carries a significant mental health burden; an estimated 22.4% of opioid users in Vietnam have depression [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam: factors associated with membership in community-based drug user groups

Hayes‐Larson

Grau²,

Khoshnood³

et al. 2013

Harm Reduct J

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BackgroundA syndemic conjoins injection drug use, incarceration, and HIV in Vietnam, where there is a need for programs that empower people who use drugs to minimize the harms thereby produced. Here we present a post-hoc evaluation of the organizing efforts of the Centre for Supporting Community Development Initiatives (SCDI) with two community-based drug user groups (CBGs) in Hanoi.MethodsMembers (n = 188) of the CBGs were compared to non-member peers (n = 184) on demographic, psychosocial, behavioral and knowledge variables using a face-to-face structured interview that focused on issues of quality of life and harm reduction. Bivariate analyses were conducted, and variables significantly associated with membership at p < 0.10 were included in a multivariate model.ResultsVariables associated with membership in the CBGs in the multivariate model included increased self-efficacy to get drug-related health care (OR 1.59, 1.24-2.04), increased quality of life in the psychological (OR 2.04, 1.07-3.93) and environmental (OR 2.54, 1.31-4.93) domains, and greater history of interactions with police about drugs (OR 3.15, 1.79-5.52). There was little difference between members and non-members on injection-related harms except in the domain of knowledge about opioid overdose. Among the 114 current injectors (30.6% of the sample), low rates of unsafe injection practices were reported, and low statistical power limited the ability to conclusively assess association with membership.ConclusionsAlthough the CBG members displayed higher levels of well-being and access to healthcare than non-members, further longitudinal study is required to determine if these are a result of membership. The CBGs should pay more attention towards meeting challenges in responding to specific health issues of those who continue to use drugs including HIV, hepatitis, and drug overdose.

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Non-Fatal Drug Overdose and Associated Risk Characteristics Among Out-of-Treatment Injecting Drug Users in North Vietnam

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Non-fatal overdose as a risk factor for subsequent fatal overdose among people who inject drugs

Non-fatal overdose as a risk factor for subsequent fatal overdose among people who inject drugs

Intravenous heroin use in Haiphong, Vietnam: Need for comprehensive care including methamphetamine use-related interventions

Drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam: factors associated with membership in community-based drug user groups

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