A cross sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practices related to house flies among dairy farmers in Punjab, Pakistan

Khan, Hafiz Azhar Ali; Akram, Waseem; Shad, Sarfraz Ali; Razaq, Muhammad; Naeem-Ullah, Unsar; Zia, Khuram

doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-18

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The interest manifested toward knowledge by the respondents is a promising factor for early improvement of practices of animal husbandry and milk processing; this general interest acts as a factor for reducing exposure, not only to Brucella spp, but also to other zoonotic pathogens. The current study found that the level of education was an important predictor and was positively associated with the adoption of preventive practices: this correlation was observed in many KAPs surveys (Xiang et al, 2010;Holt et al, 2011;Khan et al, 2013;Lindahl et al, 2015). This study can help to develop appropriate policies of preventive measures by improving the knowledge and practice of farmers in sanitation, hygiene and waste management.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Practice generally depends on knowledge, economic stability and the socio-economic condition of farmers. The poor knowledge about brucellosis and the natives' population is interfering in Brucellosis' control and its spread (WHO, 2009;Addo et al, 2011;USAID, 2011;Khan et al, 2013). In Palestine, since 1998 the Ministry of Agriculture in cooperation with the UNDP/PAPP organization started the implementation of the Brucellosis Control Program, financially supported by Argentina, Japan and Spain, and technically by the WHO, FAO and OIE organizations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Brucellosis Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Livestock Owners in the West Bank

Awwad

Farraj

et al. 2017

CBUP

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Brucellosis is endemic in Palestine and therefore since 1998 a national program of brucellosis control has been launched. In the traditional breeding area of small ruminants, brucellosis is often reported in humans, mainly as a food borne disease. Any control strategy requires a well-functioning surveillance system, the co-operation with owners and a sustainable financial support. The aim of this study is sizing up of the current situation of knowledge, of the attitude and practice (KAP) regarding brucellosis, among sheep and goat farmers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 118 participants through an anonymous questionnaire to assess to which extent the flock owners are familiar with the knowledge and practices related to brucellosis of small ruminants. The designs of the questionnaire consider the implementation of KAP. Results shown that farmers, independent on their education, heard about brucellosis (100%) and all of them consider the washing of hands as necessary after close contact with animals or their products, and animal vaccination as being necessary to prevent brucellosis. Despite the educational level, almost all owners are aware about the risk of exposure of their family to animals infected with Brucella: they are considering the heating of cheese at boiling point and the use of gloves, as appropriate practices to reduce the exposure to Brucella. Great majorities of the participants (89.8%) have good knowledge about the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans, but only 37.3% correctly answered about the transmission of brucellosis by drinking raw milk, eating unpasteurized cheese, eating raw meat, liver, spleen and kidney or by contact with an aborted foetus and placenta fluid. Referring to the brucellosis' prevention, 83% answered that boiling of milk and cheese and wearing of gloves when handling an aborted foetus could prevent it: these answers fit with the level of knowledge. From the questioned owners, 28.8% knew that boiling the milk affect his nutritive value; 84.7% think that owners of animals and their families are more exposed to brucellosis and 11.9% of their families have been diseased. Relative good general knowledge of owners about brucellosis was recorded, but high-risk behaviors still exist. Awareness campaigns on the control and prevention of the brucellosis are success stories, and government agencies should continue the public education.UDC Classification: 614.9; DOI: http://dx

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Brucellosis Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Livestock Owners in the West Bank

Awwad

Farraj

et al. 2017

CBUP

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“…Avoiding excessive organophosphate and pyrethroid use on crops grown around dairies would also enhance resistance management in house flies. This might be of particular importance since most of the dairy producers in Punjab have been reported (Khan et al 2013b) to be linked with crop farming and they often used leftover insecticides sporadically for the management of flies and other dairy pests. Moreover, lack of cross-resistance between deltamethrin and spinosad provides an opportunity to use these products in rotation for the management of resistance, and house flies in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in the house fly, Musca domestica L., from Pakistan

2015

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Deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) has widely been used against the house fly, Musca domestica, a pest found in livestock facilities worldwide. Although, cases of both metabolic and physiological resistance to deltamethrin have been reported in different parts of the world, no studies have been reported to characterize this resistance in house flies from Pakistan. In the present study, we investigated a field strain of house flies for potential to develop resistance to deltamethrin. Also, its stability, possible mechanisms and cross-resistance potential to other insecticides. Before the selection experiments, the field strain showed 8.41-, 3.65-, 8.39-, 2.68-, 19.17- and 5.96-fold resistance to deltamethrin, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, profenofos and spinosad, respectively, compared with the reference strain (Lab-susceptible). Continuous selection of the field strain (Delta-SEL) with deltamethrin for six generations (G1-G6) in the laboratory increased the resistance ratio to 176.34 after bioassay at G7. The Delta-SEL strain was reared for the next four generations without exposure to deltamethrin and bioassayed at G11 which revealed that the resistance was stable. The Delta-SEL strain at G7 showed cross-resistance to all other insecticides except spinosad, when compared to the bioassays before the selection experiment (G1). Crosses between Delta-SEL and Lab-susceptible strains revealed an autosomal and incomplete dominant mode of resistance to deltamethrin. A direct test using a monogenic inheritance model revealed that the resistance was governed by more than one factor. Moreover, synergism studies with the enzyme inhibitors PBO and DEF reduced the resistance to deltamethrin in the selected strain up to 2.51- and 2.19-fold, respectively, which revealed that the resistance was possibly due to microsomal oxidase and esterase activity. It is concluded that the resistance to deltamethrin was autosomal and incompletely dominant. The high cross-resistance of bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in the Delta-SEL strain suggests that other insecticides would be necessary to counter the resistance. These results are therefore suggestive for implications in the management of insecticide resistance in house flies.

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“…Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) constitutes a worldwide problem whenever poor sanitation and bad hygienic conditions exists (Khan et al 2013). It is considered as one of the leading insects causing environmental health problems as it always accompanies human daily activities whether indoors or outdoors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musca domestica laboratory susceptibility to three ethnobotanical culinary plants

Zayyat

Soliman²,

Elleboudy

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Throughout history, synanthropic Musca domestica had remained a worldwide problem whenever poor sanitation and bad hygienic conditions exists. Houseflies growing resistance to chemical insecticides are a rising environmental problem that necessitates search for alternatives. Mentha cervina, Ocimum basilicum, and Coriandrum sativum were tested for bioactivity on M. domestica adults and larvae. They are culinary Mediterranean plants. In adulticidal bioassay, using both CDC bottles and fumigation techniques, basil was the most effective extract with LC50 1.074 and 34.996 g/L, respectively. Concerning larvicidal bioassay by fumigation technique, coriander had the highest toxicity index with LC50 29.521 g/L. In both dipping and feeding technique, basil had the highest toxicity with LC50 32.643 and 0.749 g/L, respectively. Basil showed the highest toxicity results in four out of the five models tested followed by coriander then mint; this result highlights the potentiality of basil as a green insecticide in management of flies and opens new insight in the industrialization of basil-based fly control products.

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A cross sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practices related to house flies among dairy farmers in Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

An Investigation of Brucellosis Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Livestock Owners in the West Bank

An Investigation of Brucellosis Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Livestock Owners in the West Bank

Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in the house fly, Musca domestica L., from Pakistan

Musca domestica laboratory susceptibility to three ethnobotanical culinary plants

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