A cross-sectional survey study on the nutrition patterns of patients with peripheral artery disease

Abstract

Summary: Background: Even though nutrition was demonstrated to have an impact on chronic atherosclerotic disease, there is a paucity of corresponding recommendations for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). A Mediterranean Diet based on daily intake of fruits and vegetables with high fibre, vegetable oil, and unsalted nuts including fish several times a week may have protective effects. This cross-sectional survey aimed to determine nutritional patterns amongst inpatients with PAD. Methods: All inpatients with symptomatic PAD who underwent revascularisation at a single centre between 1st May 2018 and 31st December 2021 were asked to fill out a questionnaire on nutritional intake. An 8-item frequency rating scale (from never to three times a day) was used for 15 food groups. For 11 of them, an adapted Mediterranean Diet score was calculated using the answers. The descriptive results were stratified by sex and disease stage (intermittent claudication vs. chronic limb-threatening ischaemia). Results: A total of 319 patients (31.7% female, 69.4 years in mean) were included. Thereof, 71.8% reported they did never receive any nutritional information considering their PAD disease. The mean adapted Mediterranean Diet score was 2.7 points (of maximum 11) with most patients not achieving the recommended servings per week for fruits (1.6%), vegetables (1.0%), and unsalted nuts (12.2%). The intake of cereals was sufficient (43.3%). When compared with men, women consumed more fruits and less meat. Conclusions: This survey demonstrated that although healthy nutrition may have a positive impact on patients with PAD, the education and adherence to a Mediterranean Diet was inappropriate. Nutritional patterns should be more focused in future PAD studies to derive specific recommendations and nutritional programmes as well as patient education in clinical practice.

Association of prognostic nutritional index with the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1999–2018

“…Due to the complexity of earlier PNIs in clinical practice, Onodera’s calculation method, based on peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and serum ALB levels, became simpler 19. Several studies have demonstrated a clear association between PNI and atherosclerotic disease 17 20 21. However, the majority of these studies have been performed in the general population or in those at high risk of CVD.…”

Secondary Prevention in Lower Extremity Artery Disease Patients: Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Long-Term Guideline Adherence

“…Additionally, providing advice about nutrition adaptation being efficacious on lipidlowering should be a standard approach, however, a minority of patients are presented with this preventive strategy [24].…”

A Proinflammatory Diet Is Associated with Higher Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease

“…Against this background, we hypothesized that the increased inflammatory potential of dietary intake might also be related to the prevalence of PAD. At present, the role of several common dietary indexes and some food in PAD has been investigated in some studies [24,25]. In 2014, Naqvi et al reported that the prevalence of PAD was negatively associated with the intake of fiber, folate, and vitamins A, B6, C, and E after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking [26].…”