A cross-sectional survey to analyse the risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in an endemic area of mid-Wales

Dowling, P. M.; Torgerson, Paul R.

doi:10.1080/00034980050006410

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These two practices combined with the uncontrolled roaming of dogs and dissemination of Eg eggs in fields, pastures and water resources, constitute a major risk factor for human disease. This finding corroborates the findings of other studies undertaken in Morocco, namely those undertaken in the region of Loukkos [ 35 , 54 ] and in the region of Khenifra [ 34 ], as well as others studies undertaken in Uruguay [ 55 ], Jordan [ 56 ], Argentina [ 57 ] China [ 36 ] and Tunisia [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This finding has been observed in various other regions of Morocco by Mahjour et al [ 40 ] and Ouhelli et al [ 41 ] in different areas, by Achemlal [ 27 ] in the region of Tetouan, by Tabyaoui [ 42 ] in the region of Azrou and El Mansouri et al [ 43 ] in the region of Rabat. This was also observed by authors in other countries including Wales [ 44 ], Iraq [ 45 ], Jordan [ 46 ], in Turkey [ 47 ], China [ 36 , 37 ] and Tunisia [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the presence, transmission, impact, and control of cystic echinococcosis in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThis study is a component of a large research project on five major neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) including cystic echinococcosis and was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem over a period of four years (April 2009-March 2013).MethodsQuestionnaires were administered at community level in a total of 27 communes and visits were made to all of the 10 abattoirs situated in the Province, to collect qualitative data on determinants of transmission for disease in humans and animals. More specifically, community knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis were assessed, as well as the extent to which local customs and behaviours may promote transmission. Abattoir infrastructure and practices, and their role in perpetuating disease transmission were also critically evaluated.ResultsThe results show that only 50 % of people have heard of the disease, and of those, only 21 % are aware of the dog’s role in disease transmission. Sixty-seven per cent of respondents stated that dogs are fed ruminant organs deemed unfit for human consumption. Owned dogs have access to the family home, including the kitchen, in 39 % of households. The extent of this close proximity between humans and animals is even more pertinent when one considers that dogs are omnipresent in the community, with an average of 1.8 dogs owned per household. The unrestricted access of dogs to abattoirs is a huge issue, which further promotes disease transmission.ConclusionThis study would suggest that the high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in Morocco is largely due to three factors: 1) abundance of dogs 2) engagement in risky behaviour of the local population and 3) poor abattoir infrastructure and practices. This has serious implications in terms of the socio-economic impact of the disease, especially for rural poor communities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0082-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the presence, transmission, impact, and control of cystic echinococcosis in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco

et al. 2015

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“…So far, the evidence on dog owning-related risk factors for CE transmission is still uncertain and the studies produced few contradictory results. Some studies even showed no positive correlation between dog ownership and CE infections [ 29 , 36 – 38 ] while other studies showed positive correlations [ 30 , 31 , 33 ]. Tamarozziet al (2019) emphasized that CE is more “soil-transmitted” than a “food-borne” infection, acquired through a “hand-to-mouth” mechanism [ 3 , 25 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in rural areas, Mongolia

et al. 2020

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Cystic echinococcosis is a chronic, complex and neglected zoonotic disease with considerable socioeconomic impact on the affected population. Even though Mongolia is included in the list of high cystic echinococcosis risk countries, there has been very limited research and evidence on the prevalence or prevention of cystic echinococcosis. This field-based cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and its potential risk factors in Mongolia was conducted from April 2016 to March 2018. A total of 1,993 people were examined by ultrasound in five provinces of Mongolia. All cystic echinococcosis positive cases were classified according to the WHO-IWGE expert recommendations. The logistic regression model was used to detect the association between the presence of echinococcus infection and each potential risk factor. This was the first community survey based on ultrasound screening in Mongolia. We found 98 cystic echinococcosis cases (prevalence = 4.9%), including 85 abdominal ultrasound cystic echinococcosis positive cases and 13 abdominal ultrasound cystic echinococcosis negative cases (surgically treated cystic echinococcosis cases 11, and 2 confirmed cases of lung cystic echinococcosis by chestcomputed tomography in hospital of Ulaanbaatar). The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis varied greatly among different provinces, ranging from 2.0% to 13.1%. Children, elderly people and those with lower education had higher chances of getting cystic echinococcosis. Rather than dog ownership itself, daily practice for cleaning dog feces was associated with increased odds of cystic echinococcosis. The results of the present study show very high endemicity of cystic echinococcosis in Umnugovi province. Evaluation of potential risk factors associated with cystic echinococcosisshow high significance for following factors:

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Echinokokkose-Erkrankungen

Richter¹,

Holtfreter²,

Orhun³

et al. 2015

MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin

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A cross-sectional survey to analyse the risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in an endemic area of mid-Wales

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the presence, transmission, impact, and control of cystic echinococcosis in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco

Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the presence, transmission, impact, and control of cystic echinococcosis in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco

Prevalence and risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in rural areas, Mongolia

Echinokokkose-Erkrankungen

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