2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120050
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A crossover clinical study to evaluate pain intensity from microneedle insertion in different parts of the oral cavity

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Cited by 23 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…As reported, the human skin displays a viscoelastic behavior which provides an idea of the elasticity of human's skin which can be hypothesized as a function of the thickness of its layer, [ 41 ] where the stiffness decreases with aging due to the loss of the dermal layer as a result of increase in fat infiltration into the skin. [ 42,43 ] Pain evaluation for targeted sites slightly changes in various oral cavities, [ 44 ] sensitive to pain in forehead, forearm, and less in abdomen skin with a dependence on physical parameters of MN [ 45 ] and when used at common injection location, especially during facial procedures where patients pain threshold, depth and differences in skin structures at those locations are taken into account. [ 35 ]…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As reported, the human skin displays a viscoelastic behavior which provides an idea of the elasticity of human's skin which can be hypothesized as a function of the thickness of its layer, [ 41 ] where the stiffness decreases with aging due to the loss of the dermal layer as a result of increase in fat infiltration into the skin. [ 42,43 ] Pain evaluation for targeted sites slightly changes in various oral cavities, [ 44 ] sensitive to pain in forehead, forearm, and less in abdomen skin with a dependence on physical parameters of MN [ 45 ] and when used at common injection location, especially during facial procedures where patients pain threshold, depth and differences in skin structures at those locations are taken into account. [ 35 ]…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This technique can not only avoid the high blood concentrations caused by intravenous drug administration and the "first pass effect" of oral drug administration, but also further promotes drugs to enter the blood circulation and maximizes the drugs' effects. Some studies have found that microneedles cause less pain in the oral mucosa than 30 G hypodermic syringes applied to different parts of the oral cavity 29) . In addition, microneedles applied to soft tissues of the skin can directly enter the keratinized layer to the connective tissue layer, forming microinjuries that can produce slight bleeding, stimulating the body to immediately initiate a wound healing cascade response, activating the release of various growth factors such as PDGF, EGF, TGF, FGF, etc.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 145 ] Although there is no significant difference in pain caused by microneedle insertion in the different parts of the mouth, the pain increases gradually from the cheeks, palate, tongue, and gums to the lips. [ 143 ] Many types of oral diseases are associated with different characteristics, hence, appropriate drugs and drug delivery sites should be selected according to the characteristics of the disease type. In the next section, we present a review of the application of microneedles in oral mucosal diseases, periodontal diseases, oral cancer, and other diseases (Table 3).…”
Section: Hydrogel Microneedles In Dentistrymentioning
confidence: 99%