A Cryo-CMOS PLL for Quantum Computing Applications

Abstract

Reducing CO 2 emission and energy consumption is crucial for the sustainable management of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, an algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system was developed for efficient carbon (C) assimilation and nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) removal without the need for mechanical aeration. The photosynthetic O 2 production by phototrophic organisms maintained the dissolved oxygen (DO) level at 3-4 mg/L in the bulk liquid, and an LED light control system reduced 10-30% of light energy consumption. Results showed that the biomass assimilated 52% of input dissolved total carbon (DTC), and the produced O 2 simultaneously facilitated aerobic nitrification and P uptake with the coexisting phototrophs serving as a C fixer and O 2 supplier. This resulted in a stably high total N removal of 81 ± 7% and an N assimilation rate of 7.55 mg/(g-MLVSS•d) with enhanced microbial assimilation and simultaneous nitrification/ denitrification. Good P removal of 92-98% was maintained during the test period at a molar ΔP/ΔC ratio of 0.36 ± 0.03 and high P release and uptake rates of 10.84 ± 0.41 and 7.18 ± 0.24 mg/(g-MLVSS•h), respectively. Photosynthetic O 2 was more advantageous for N and P removal than mechanical aeration. This proposed system can contribute to a better design and sustainable operation of WWTPs using algalbacterial AGS.

A Cryo-CMOS SAR ADC With FIA Sampling Driver Enabled by Cryogenic-Aware Back-Biasing

“…The total jitter contributed by the timing generation is about 0.5 ps/0.6 ps for the rising/falling edge of S A/B in extracted simulation, and therefore not limiting the amplifiers SNR [16]. Typical quantum computing systems require spectral purity significantly beyond this level [36], resulting in no additional system constraints due to the amplifier.…”

Low-temperature CMOS technology for high-performance computing: development and challenges

“…2018 年又 演示了基于自旋量子比特的量子处理器和经典电子接口协同设计方案 [27] , 并实现了 40 nm 工艺电压 基准电路 [28] . 近年来分别实现了 40 nm 工艺环形器 [29] 、参量放大器电路 [30] 、带自校准的高频振荡 器 [31] 、锁相环 [32] 、模数转换器 [33] 和量子随机数生成器 [34] . 2020 年 CEA-LETI 公司公布了第一个 量子集成电路 [35] .…”

A Cryo-CMOS DAC-Based 40-Gb/s PAM4 Wireline Transmitter for Quantum Computing

“…Considering T inv = 12 ps, a simulated T cq = T su = 22 ps for a high-speed flip-flop at RT, a simulated DJ φ = 934 fs from the extracted layout, and a combined random jitter of 48 fs rms from the divider and potential PLL clock source [53], a maximum speed of ∼17.4 Gbaud can be achieved.…”