A crystal engineering approach for scalable perovskite solar cells and module fabrication: a full out of glove box procedure

Abstract

In the present work we used some crystallization trends which could be classified as a Crystal Engineering (CE) approach, for deposition of a pure cubic-phase thin film of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) on the surface of a mesoporous TiO2 layer.

Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The semicircle in the Nyquist plots ( Figure S4) was related to the impedance of the free charge carriers' recombination at the perovskite/HTM layer (R rec ). The highest R rec indicated the lowest recombination process because of the longer free charge carriers' lifetime and their proper collection [55]. Figure 6B evidences that the recombination resistance significantly increased in the presence of a P3HT/CuSCN/Au-based PSCs, in excess of two orders of magnitude.…”

“…Different concentrations of CuSCN solutions were prepared (15 mg mL −1 , 25 mg mL −1 in dipropyl sulfide). Then 15 mg CuSCN powder was easily dissolved in dipropyl sulfide solvent, while the dissolution of 25 mg CuSCN in the same solvent required double filtration, with a 0.22 µm PTFE filter, followed by 1 h at 100 • C to obtain a clear solution, and finally the cold solution was spin-coated at 6000 rpm for 45 s. The substrates were then kept at 100 • C for 10 min to remove any remaining solvent, and another layer of CuSCN was deposited on top of the previous one and annealed for 10 min at 100 • C. In order to improve the stability of the fabricated PSCs to withstand 85 • C thermal cycling, a P3HT (124 kDa MW) in chlorobenzene solution was prepared following a previously reported procedure [54,55]. The P3HT layer was applied below and above the CuSCN by dynamic deposition following the same procedure as for the CuSCN layer, but without the final annealing step.…”

“…Energies 2020, 13, 2059 4 of 12 °C thermal cycling, a P3HT (124 kDa MW) in chlorobenzene solution was prepared following a previously reported procedure [54,55]. The P3HT layer was applied below and above the CuSCN by dynamic deposition following the same procedure as for the CuSCN layer, but without the final annealing step.…”

Laser‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…Several HTMs have been considered for the fabrication of PSCs[2,19a,21e,29,33]—some of which are reported in the band alignment graph shown in Figure —both inorganic (CuI,[33a] CuSCN,[33b] and NiO[33c]) and organic (Spiro‐OMeTAD,[2,19a,29,33d] poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT),[21e,33e,f,34] polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT),[33g,h] poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine,[22,33i,j] and poly[2,5‐bis(2‐decyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione‐(E)‐1,2‐di(2,2′‐bithiophen‐5‐yl)ethene][33k]) and, recently, even graphene‐based ones . The HTM is usually deposited by means of spin coating,[2b] blade coating, or spray coating [35f]…”

Doping Strategy for Efficient and Stable Triple Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells and Module Based on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Hole Transport Layer

“…The results showed that by increasing the P3HT's MW, the PCE improve mainly due to an enhancement in electron lifetime. Under these circumstances, by using Li‐TFSI and TBP and the crystal engineering approach for fabrication of MAPbI 3 ‐based PSCs under ambient condition, the PCE of the PSCs containing 124 kDa P3HT as HTM layer was improved up to 16% for small area devices (active area 0.1 cm 2 ) and 11.2% stabilized efficiency for module (active area 10.1 cm 2 ) …”