A Current Review of Foot Disorder and Plantar Pressure Alternation in the Elderly

Zhang, Bo; Lu, Qianyu

doi:10.5334/paah.57

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…All indices indicated an increased incidence of the hollow feet, both right and left ones. Numerous studies highlight that a change in foot loading paradigm is associated with an alteration in the structure of the longitudinal foot arch [ 19 , 26 , 27 ]. As evidenced by our own research, an increased loading in the hollow feet, as assessed by KY and SI CSI indices on the forefoot and hindfoot area, in zones B, E, F, is statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Foot’s Longitudinal Arch by Different Indicators and Their Correlation with the Foot Loading Paradigm in School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study

Szczepanowska-Wołowiec

Sztandera

Kotela

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: There are numerous studies assessing the morphological structure of the foot, but there is a notable scarcity of those focused on juxtaposing various longitudinal arch indices with foot loading paradigm. The present study aimed to determine the overall reliability, diagnostic accuracy of respective variables, and their correlation with the foot loading paradigm. Methods: The study group consisted of 336 children, aged 10–15 years (girls 49.1% and boys 50.9%). The morphological structure of the plantar part of the foot in static conditions was assessed with the aid of a 2D podoscan. Individual foot loading paradigm in static conditions was assessed making use of the FreeMed platform. Results: Staheli (SI), Chippaux–Smirak (CSI), and Sztriter–Godunow (KY) indices were strongly correlated with each other (ρ > 0.84, p < 0.001). Own research corroborated an increased pressure of hollow feet, as assessed by the SI, CSI, and KY indices, on the forefoot and the hindfoot, foot zones B, E, F; these correlations being statistically significant. The results yielded by the present study also indicate an increased pressure on the metatarsal, and foot zones C, D of the flat feet. Conclusions: Flatfootedness is not believed to be a common deformity among children and adolescents. The SI, CSI, and KY indices were found to be strongly correlated, as well as proved reliable in assessing the foot’s longitudinal arch.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Foot’s Longitudinal Arch by Different Indicators and Their Correlation with the Foot Loading Paradigm in School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study

Szczepanowska-Wołowiec

Sztandera

Kotela

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Traditional linear analyses of plantar pressure such as peak plantar pressure and regional distribution ratios (forefoot versus rear foo) have been proposed in these low-cost systems. e bidimensional multiscale entropy method used in this study can be integrated into those systems for improving the detection of pathological gait by characterizing nonlinear features of plantar pressure [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Walking Speeds on Complexity of Plantar Pressure Patterns

Liau

et al. 2021

Complexity

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Various walking speeds may induce different responses on the plantar pressure patterns. Current methods used to analyze plantar pressure patterns are linear and ignore nonlinear features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the complexity of plantar pressure images after walking at various speeds using nonlinear bidimensional multiscale entropy (MSE2D). Twelve participants (age: 27.1 ± 5.8 years; height: 170.3 ± 10.0 cm; and weight: 63.5 ± 13.5 kg) were recruited for walking at three speeds (slow at 1.8 mph, moderate at 3.6 mph, and fast at 5.4 mph) for 20 minutes. A plantar pressure measurement system was used to measure plantar pressure patterns. Complexity index (CI), a summation of MSE2D from all time scales, was used to quantify the changes of complexity of plantar pressure images. The analysis of variance with repeated measures and Fisher’s least significant difference correction were used to examine the results of this study. The results showed that CI of plantar pressure images of 1.8 mph (1.780) was significantly lower compared with 3.6 (1.790) and 5.4 mph (1.792). The results also showed that CI significantly increased from the 1st min (1.780) to the 10th min (1.791) and 20th min (1.791) with slow walking (1.8 mph). Our results indicate that slow walking at 1.8 mph may not be good for postural control compared with moderate walking (3.6 mph) and fast walking (5.4 mph). This study demonstrates that bidimensional multiscale entropy is able to quantify complexity changes of plantar pressure images after different walking speeds.

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“…Weight bearing can be transferred from the forefoot to the longitudinal and metatarsal arches by the metatarsal pad; however, no changes in pressure and impact forces were found in the medial forefoot region reported by Yung and Wei [ 22 ]. Furthermore, medial forefoot pads with different foam hardness and thickness were utilized; and the results showed that the thick soft pad can effectively reduce larger pressure and impact force caused by HH in the medial forefoot when compared to other types [ 7 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health View to Decrease Negative Effect of High Heels Wearing: A Systemic Review

Wang

Fekete

et al. 2021

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Effective recommendations about how to decrease adverse effects of high heels (HH) need to be provided, since wearing HH is inevitable for most women in their daily life, regardless of their negative impacts on the foot morphology. The main purpose of this systematic review was to summarize studies which have provided specific information about how to effectively offset the negative effects of wearing HH, in the case of women, by means of examining heel height, insole, and heel base support (HBS). Some evidence indicate the following: (i) the range of appropriate heel height for HH shoes is 3.76 cm to 4.47 cm; (ii) compared to small HBS, the larger ones effectively increase gait stability, reduce risk of ankle injury, and improve comfort rating during HH walking; and (iii) the use of a total contact insert (TCI) significantly decreases plantar pressure and the impact on the foot, resulting in higher perceived comfort. It must be noted that these results are based on short-term research; therefore, any conclusions with regard to effects in the long term should be taken with a grain of salt. Nevertheless, future studies should be aimed at combining numerical and experimental methods, in order to provide personal recommendations for HH shoes by considering heel height and HBS size, based on the individual characters (weight, height, and age).

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A Current Review of Foot Disorder and Plantar Pressure Alternation in the Elderly

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Assessment of the Foot’s Longitudinal Arch by Different Indicators and Their Correlation with the Foot Loading Paradigm in School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study

Assessment of the Foot’s Longitudinal Arch by Different Indicators and Their Correlation with the Foot Loading Paradigm in School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study

Effect of Walking Speeds on Complexity of Plantar Pressure Patterns

Health View to Decrease Negative Effect of High Heels Wearing: A Systemic Review

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