A Current Sensor Based on the Giant Magnetoresistance Effect: Design and Potential Smart Grid Applications

Abstract

Advanced sensing and measurement techniques are key technologies to realize a smart grid. The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has revolutionized the fields of data storage and magnetic measurement. In this work, a design of a GMR current sensor based on a commercial analog GMR chip for applications in a smart grid is presented and discussed. Static, dynamic and thermal properties of the sensor were characterized. The characterizations showed that in the operation range from 0 to ±5 A, the sensor had a sensitivity of 28 mV·A−1, linearity of 99.97%, maximum deviation of 2.717%, frequency response of −1.5 dB at 10 kHz current measurement, and maximum change of the amplitude response of 0.0335%·°C−1 with thermal compensation. In the distributed real-time measurement and monitoring of a smart grid system, the GMR current sensor shows excellent performance and is cost effective, making it suitable for applications such as steady-state and transient-state monitoring. With the advantages of having a high sensitivity, high linearity, small volume, low cost, and simple structure, the GMR current sensor is promising for the measurement and monitoring of smart grids.

Optimization design of toroidal core for magnetic energy harvesting near power line by considering saturation effect

“…1,2 Especially, for reliable operation, autonomous wireless sensors using the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as a key technology for monitoring power line conditions such as line sag, current, vibration and conductor temperature. 3,4 These devices have advantages in terms of reducing the cost of maintenance and operability, but require separate power sources to ensure continuous operation. Most devices around power lines inevitably rely on batteries that have limited capacity 5 and short operating time.…”

Linearization strategies for high sensitivity magnetoresistive sensors

“…The European Physical Journal Applied Physics Magnetoresistive sensors have been successfully applied to industrial sensing as electrical current sensors in power systems [10,11] or spindle high-speed measurements. Non destructive testing, either for flux leakage detection for packaging control [12] or metal surface cracks scanning [13,14], is another relevant area where MR sensors are used.…”

Aprimoramento De Amperímetros Sem Contato Por Aproximação Baseados Em Sensores GMR

“…Em função do descobrimento deste fenômeno, em 1988, os pesquisadores Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg revolucionaram o campo de medição magnética, e foram contemplados com o Prêmio Nobel da Física, de 2007 [8].…”

“…A relação entre esta corrente e o campo magnético é descrita pela Lei de Biot-Savart [8]. Aplicando esta lei a condutor retilíneo, pode-se estimar o campo magnético gerado, em oersteds (Oe), por…”

“…H é o campo magnético gerado pela corrente I, e de direção rotacional ao condutor. r é a distância entre o sensor e o condutor, e θ é o ângulo entre a direção do campo magnético e o eixo da sensibilidade do chip [8].…”