A Current State of Proteomics in Adult and Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Search and Review

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are systemic immune-mediated conditions with predilection for the gastrointestinal tract and include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite the advances in the fields of basic and applied research, the etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown. As a result, only one third of the patients achieve endoscopic remission. A substantial portion of the patients also develop severe clinical complications or neoplasia. The need for novel biomarkers that can enhance diagnostic accuracy, more precisely reflect disease activity, and predict a complicated disease course, thus, remains high. Genomic and transcriptomic studies contributed substantially to our understanding of the immunopathological pathways involved in disease initiation and progression. However, eventual genomic alterations do not necessarily translate into the final clinical picture. Proteomics may represent a missing link between the genome, transcriptome, and phenotypical presentation of the disease. Based on the analysis of a large spectrum of proteins in tissues, it seems to be a promising method for the identification of new biomarkers. This systematic search and review summarize the current state of proteomics in human IBD. It comments on the utility of proteomics in research, describes the basic proteomic techniques, and provides an up-to-date overview of available studies in both adult and pediatric IBD.

Application of SWATH Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on the Stool Proteome

“…For example, a pilot study was conducted on a cohort of 10 to discriminate between active and remission phases. However, they did not use a validation group and identified 30 differentially expressed proteins in two groups of five patients [14]. Another study was performed on a cohort of IBD patients, which utilized a spectrum analysis instead of quantitative data.…”

Fat and proteolysis due to methionine, tryptophan, and niacin deficiency leads to alterations in gut microbiota and immune modulation in inflammatory bowel disease

“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease in which excessive inflammation is induced by a disruption of the mucosal barrier and abnormal immune response in the intestine. 1 , 2 , 3 Symptoms can be extremely intolerable, such as severe abdominal pain and diarrhea, and can significantly reduce quality of life. 4 Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the most common forms of IBD.…”