A customizable 3D printed device for enzymatic removal of drugs in water

Xu, Xiaoyan; Pose-Boirazian, Tomás; Eibes, Gemma; McCoubrey, Laura E.; Martı́nez-Costas, José; Gaisford, Simon; Goyanes, Álvaro; Basit, Abdul W.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117861

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In a later study, co-immobilized thrombin and alkaline phosphatase on a 3D printed hydrogel successfully induced fibrin deposition and calcification ( Figure 11 C). In a recent study, Basit and co-workers [ 46 ] immobilized laccase on torus-shaped PEG-DA hydrogels that were printed using SLA. The immobilized laccase showed high thermostability and pH tolerance and was able to effectively remove 95% of diclofenac and ethinylestradiol from the aqueous solution within 24 and 2 h, respectively.…”

Section: Immobilization By Physical Entrapment During 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Figure 1 Bb) The small 2D light pattern is enlarged by a lens, and the actual 2D pattern is projected onto the surface of the resin causing the whole layer to cure simultaneously. Because VP does not require a high temperature to melt materials or high material viscosity to hold a shape for curing, enzymes can be directly mixed with photo-curable resin and immobilized by an entrapment [ 46 ]. Nevertheless, post-printing enzyme immobilization is also a common practice with VP methods, leveraging its high spatial resolution to create fine structures [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in 3D Gel Printing for Enzyme Immobilization

Shen

Zhang

Fang

et al. 2022

Gels

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Incorporating enzymes with three-dimensional (3D) printing is an exciting new field of convergence research that holds infinite potential for creating highly customizable components with diverse and efficient biocatalytic properties. Enzymes, nature’s nanoscale protein-based catalysts, perform crucial functions in biological systems and play increasingly important roles in modern chemical processing methods, cascade reactions, and sensor technologies. Immobilizing enzymes on solid carriers facilitates their recovery and reuse, improves stability and longevity, broadens applicability, and reduces overall processing and chemical conversion costs. Three-dimensional printing offers extraordinary flexibility for creating high-resolution complex structures that enable completely new reactor designs with versatile sub-micron functional features in macroscale objects. Immobilizing enzymes on or in 3D printed structures makes it possible to precisely control their spatial location for the optimal catalytic reaction. Combining the rapid advances in these two technologies is leading to completely new levels of control and precision in fabricating immobilized enzyme catalysts. The goal of this review is to promote further research by providing a critical discussion of 3D printed enzyme immobilization methods encompassing both post-printing immobilization and immobilization by physical entrapment during 3D printing. Especially, 3D printed gel matrix techniques offer mild single-step entrapment mechanisms that produce ideal environments for enzymes with high retention of catalytic function and unparalleled fabrication control. Examples from the literature, comparisons of the benefits and challenges of different combinations of the two technologies, novel approaches employed to enhance printed hydrogel physical properties, and an outlook on future directions are included to provide inspiration and insights for pursuing work in this promising field.

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Section: Immobilization By Physical Entrapment During 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in 3D Gel Printing for Enzyme Immobilization

Shen

Zhang

Fang

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…[107,113,114] Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a photocurable material widely applied in vat photopolymerization-based 3DP for preparing hydrogels with controlled water content, has also been employed for entrapping active enzymes for different purposes. [115,116]…”

Section: Vat Photopolymerization-based Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an early-stage proof of concept, Xu et al showed the potential of SLA 3DP as a sustainable technique for enzyme entrapment under mild conditions using laccase from Trametes versicolor, and measured the stability of the 3D printed device (termed Printzyme) (Figure 5C,D) when exposed to extreme temperature and pH in comparison with free enzyme. [116] In terms of drug removal activity, the Printzyme system efficiently biodegraded two drugs, included on the European water pollution watch list, on an aqueous matrix. On this article, two different 3D designs were evaluated.…”

Section: Industrial -Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[120] In the same study, stability against temperature also increased for the 3D immobilized version when compared to the free enzyme, as the polymeric matrix stabilizes the 3D structure of enzyme protein. [120] In terms of reusability, Xu et al [116] achieved superior reusability retaining over 85% the initial activity in comparison with other immobilization methods of T. versicolor laccase, such as iron oxide nanoparticles, [163] chitosan macrobeads, [164] magnetic mesoporous silica spheres, [165] poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-based microspheres, [166] and agar-agar, polyacrylamide, and gelatinbased structures. [167]…”

Section: Reusability and Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing: An Emerging Technology for Biocatalyst Immobilization

Pose-Boirazian

Martı́nez-Costas

Eibes

2022

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Employment of enzymes as biocatalysts offers immense benefits across diverse sectors in the context of green chemistry, biodegradability, and sustainability. When compared to free enzymes in solution, enzyme immobilization proposes an effective means of improving functional efficiency and operational stability. The advance of printable and functional materials utilized in additive manufacturing, coupled with the capability to produce bespoke geometries, has sparked great interest toward the 3‐dimensional (3D) printing of immobilized enzymes. Printable biocatalysts represent a new generation of enzyme immobilization in a more customizable and adaptable manner, unleashing their potential functionalities for countless applications in industrial biotechnology. This review provides an overview of enzyme immobilization techniques and 3D printing technologies, followed by illustrations of the latest 3D printed enzyme‐immobilized industrial and clinical applications. The unique advantages of harnessing 3D printing as an enzyme immobilization technique will be presented, alongside a discussion on its potential limitations. Finally, the future perspectives of integrating 3D printing with enzyme immobilization will be considered, highlighting the endless possibilities that are achievable in both research and industry.

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3D Printing in Biocatalysis and Biosensing: From General Concepts to Practical Applications

Nyenhuis,

Heuer,

Bahnemann

2024

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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3D printing has matured into a versatile technique that offers researchers many different printing methods and materials with varying properties. Nowadays, 3D printing is deployed within a myriad of different applications, ranging from chemistry to biotechnology – including bioanalytics, biocatalysis or biosensing. Due to its inherent design flexibility (which enables rapid prototyping) and ease of use, 3D printing is facilitating the relatively quick and easy creation of new devices with unprecedented functions. This review article describes how 3D printing can be employed for research in the fields of biochemistry and biotechnology, and specifically for biocatalysis and biosensor applications. We survey different relevant 3D printing techniques, as well as the surface activation and functionalization of 3D‐printed materials. Finally, we show how 3D printing is used for the fabrication of reaction ware and enzymatic assays in biocatalysis research, as well as for the generation of biosensors using aptamers, antibodies, and enzymes as recognition elements.

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A customizable 3D printed device for enzymatic removal of drugs in water

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Advances in 3D Gel Printing for Enzyme Immobilization

Advances in 3D Gel Printing for Enzyme Immobilization

3D Printing: An Emerging Technology for Biocatalyst Immobilization

3D Printing in Biocatalysis and Biosensing: From General Concepts to Practical Applications

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