A cutting damping index for real-time monitoring of tool wear in turning

In-process sensing of tool wear and process states using a cylindrical displacement sensor in hard turning

“…However, four segments of the CCS could not totally eliminate odd harmonics of target roundness, especially the third harmonics. For this case, the lobe appears a little squared, similar to the simulation results with consideration of the roundness of sensor and target [7]. The simulation also shows that the error in the third harmonic does not aect the linearity between measurements and spindle displacements.…”

“…Many types of sensor for monitoring machining conditions have been developed [6,7]. When sensitivity, repeatability and practicality are considered, the tool dynamometer would be the most reliable sensor for measurement of cutting forces.…”

Multimilling-Insert Wear Assessment Using Non-Linear Virtual Sensor, Time-Frequency Distribution and Neural Networks

“…Direct methods include optical [2], wear particle [3], radioactivity [4], tool/work-piece junction electrical resistance [5], pneumatic [6] and tool/work-piece distance measurements [7,8]. Indirect methods include those measuring cutting force [9], acoustic emission [10,11] motor power/current [12], vibration [13], cutting temperature [14], roughness [15], damping index [16], friction coe$cient [17], either alone or in combination [18]. These studies deal exclusively with turning operations which use non-rotating single point tools.…”