A cyborg beetle: Insect flight control through an implantable, tetherless microsystem

Sato, Hirotaka; Berry, Christopher; Casey, B.E.; Lavella, G.; Yao, Ying; VandenBrooks, John M.; Maharbiz, Michel M.

doi:10.1109/memsys.2008.4443618

Cited by 65 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Typical invasive method, electrodes are implanted into an animal body and the animal's motion is controlled by electrical stimulation. This method has been verified in dogs [7], rats [8], sharks [9], pigeons [10], cockroaches [11], and beetles [12]. Although invasive methods are effective to control animal motion, we selected non-invasive methods that are easy to install on animals and are controlled without distressing the animals.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Motion Control Using Bright Spotlight Devices Mounted on a Suit

Nishinoma

Ohno

Kikusui

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Med. Robot. Bionics

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Engineering to produce stimuli that trigger an organism's habits allows us to control it noninvasively. Because canines already have the habit to follow a light spot, light is a good stimulus for controlling their motion. We employed green laser beams to successfully control canine motion indoors. We developed a suit equipped with laser beam devices that face front, left, and right. The canine wore the suit and followed a light spot on the ground. Its trajectory was controlled remotely by switching the lights on the suit. However, this laser beam spot was too weak and small to be visible in grassy fields outdoors. Here, we propose a spotlight device that irradiates a bright and large spot (70 mm in diameter) for outdoor environments. The proposed spotlight device consists of a high brightness LED and a convex lens. To evaluate its performance, we conducted indoor and outdoor experiments using three canines. In the indoor experiments, the success rates of controlling the canine's motions were 100%, 83.3%, and 93.3% for each of the three canines, respectively. In outdoor experiments, these rates were 100%, 57.1%, and 62.5%, respectively. Hence, the proposed spotlight devices are effective for controlling a canine even in outdoor environments.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Motion Control Using Bright Spotlight Devices Mounted on a Suit

Nishinoma

Ohno

Kikusui

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Med. Robot. Bionics

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“…1 Research on Robo-rat was accomplished by Talwar et al, 3 from New York University. 2,3 Hirotaka et al, 4 could control the wings and related behaviors of beetles by implanting electrical electrodes on the beetles' brains and muscles. 4 It is widely known that brain machine interface (BMI) has a variety of advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Hirotaka et al, 4 could control the wings and related behaviors of beetles by implanting electrical electrodes on the beetles' brains and muscles. 4 It is widely known that brain machine interface (BMI) has a variety of advantages. There are large number of BMI applications; such as in medical services and in neuroscience researches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-computer-interface based automatic control of robo-rat using a-star

Parnichkun¹

2018

IJBSBE

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Robots have been applied to the tasks which are not appropriate for human; for examples dangerous, tough, dirty tasks or the tasks which require high accuracy, good repeatability, quick motion. Nowadays, rescue robots are applied to explore unknown areas or even to rescue victims after disasters because of their several superior performances over human. An operator controls every single motion of the rescue robot remotely using information from onboard sensors and cameras. However, in an extreme situation after disaster where the area is messy with many broken objects and obstacles, area exploration and victim rescue are very difficult and time consuming. This situation requires a rescuer who at least can make simple decision and execute the actions. Robo-rat fits very well with this situation. Robo-rat is a rat whose brain is implanted by electrodes and trained to follow commands in the form of brain stimulation using electrical square-wave signals. Three commands are trained to Robo-rat; go straight, turn left and turn right. The electrode at Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB) is stimulated for go straight command. The electrode at left Somatosensory Cortex is stimulated for turn left command. The electrode at right Somatosensory Cortex is stimulated for turn right command. After manual control of Robo-rat, automatic control is implemented using A-star optimization technique. A camera takes the top view image of the maze. Image processing is conducted to identify Robo-rat position. Based on the map of the maze and the current position, A-star is used to determine the shortest path to the goal position. A PC determines and stimulates electrical pulses at the proper electrodes automatically. The experimental results reveal the feasibility of using Robo-rat for rescue purpose. Research ArticleOpen Access Brain-computer-interface based automatic control of robo-rat using a-star 105

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“…Consequently, bio-robots are not limited by energy shortage capabilities when traveling over long distances and are more skilled than electromechanical robots when conducting complex missions. As bio-robots are superior to electromechanical robots in many potential applications, researchers have been investigating different types of bio-robots, such as rats (Feng et al, 2007 ; Huai et al, 2009 ; Pi et al, 2010 ; Zhang et al, 2012 ; Su et al, 2014 ; Zheng et al, 2015 ; Yu et al, 2016 ), geckos (Guo et al, 2009 ), sharks (Gomes et al, 2006 ), goldfishes (Kobayashi et al, 2009 ), carps (Peng et al, 2011 ), cockroaches (Holzer and Shimoyama, 1997 ), pigeons (Su et al, 2012 ), beetles (Hirotaka et al, 2008 ), and honeybees (Bao et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Positioning System-Based Stimulation for Robo-Pigeons in Open Space

Yang¹,

Huai²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Front. Neurorobot.

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An evaluation method is described that will enable researchers to study fight control characteristics of robo-pigeons in fully open space. It is not limited by the experimental environment and overcomes environmental interference with flight control in small experimental spaces using a compact system. The system consists of two components: a global positioning system (GPS)-based stimulator with dimensions of 38 mm × 26 mm × 8 mm and a weight of 18 g that can easily be carried by a pigeon as a backpack and a PC-based program developed in Virtual C++. The GPS-based stimulator generates variable stimulation and automatically records the GPS data and stimulus parameters. The PC-based program analyzes the recorded data and displays the flight trajectory of the tested robo-pigeon on a digital map. This method enables quick and clear evaluation of the flight control characteristics of a robo-pigeon in open space based on its visual trajectory, as well as further optimization of the microelectric stimulation parameters to improve the design of robo-pigeons. The functional effectiveness of the method was investigated and verified by performing flight control experiments using a robo-pigeon in open space.

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A cyborg beetle: Insect flight control through an implantable, tetherless microsystem

Cited by 65 publications

References 5 publications

Canine Motion Control Using Bright Spotlight Devices Mounted on a Suit

Canine Motion Control Using Bright Spotlight Devices Mounted on a Suit

Brain-computer-interface based automatic control of robo-rat using a-star

Global Positioning System-Based Stimulation for Robo-Pigeons in Open Space

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