A cycle-based and multirate approach for power system simulation application to the ageing estimation of a supercapacitor-based ferry

A cycle-based formulation for the simulation of multi time-scale systems — Application to the modeling of the storage system of a fully electric ferry

“…The main idea of the extrapolation principle, presented in (Hmam et al, 2016a), is to reduce the computation time by evaluating a minimum number of cycles in a sequence. In order to solve ordinary differential equations, variable step integration schemes, such as Runge-Kutta methods, are commonly used (Holsapple et al, 2007;Herty et al, 2013;Anastassi and Kosti, 2015).…”

“…Indeed, this method only needs 2 evaluations, at the beginning and at the end of the interval. Figure 4 gives a discretized version of this explicit second order method (Hmam et al, 2016a). The concept of integration is now replaced by the concept of extrapolation.…”

“…Then, for an extrapola- tion of m successive cycles F i and starting from a time t n , it is possible to compute an approximation of the state vector variation with the evaluation of only two sub-cycles, which are the first and the last one. The extrapolation is then considered between n + 1 and n + m − 1 and is obtained considering the following equations (Hmam et al, 2016a):…”

“…In (Hmam et al, 2016a(Hmam et al, , 2017 the authors present an original multirate method for the simulation of such multi-physics systems, containing a wide range of time scales. This method used a cycle-based problem formulation, which consists in finding the repeating operation sequences of the system, at the different time scales.…”

Energy management and sizing algorithm applied on a hybrid power system suppliying an isolated residential application

“…[\ 5 6 = 1]^:_/∆ jkl = ∆ vH , the degradation function of the SC bank [14], [15]. ∆ vH depends on the state of charge of the bank (SoCsc) :…”