Protein kinases I (PK I) and I1 (PK 11) were purified 253-and 13.5-fold, respectively, from an extract of sonically disrupted cells of Legionella micdadei by ion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex, by histone affinity chromatography, and by HPLC-gel filtration chromatography. Both enzymes catalysed the phosphorylation of calf thymus histones, with a K , of 2.7mgml-I for PK I and 2.9 mg ml-l for PK 11. Histone HZb was the best protein kinase substrate for both PK I and PK 11. The pH optima were 6.8 and 7.0 for PK I and PK I1 respectively. The K , for ATP was 0-29 mM for PK I and 0.33 mM for PK 11. PK I1 activity was stimulated by either CAMP or cGMP, whereas PK I was inhibited by both cyclic nucleotides. The activity of PK I was unaffected by addition of calmodulin, diacylglycerol and mixtures of Ca2+ and acidic phospholipids, but these additions increased PK I1 activity threefold. The activity of PK I1 was stimulated by spermine and spermidine, but PK I was inhibited by these compounds. PK I and PK I1 were both strongly inhibited by heparin.