A cyclostratigraphic and borehole-geophysical approach to development of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida

Cunningham, Kevin J.; Wacker, Michael A.; Robinson, Edward; Dixon, Joann F.; Wingard, G. Lynn

doi:10.3133/sir20055235

Cited by 34 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2), the Q5e unit is characterized by a Schizoporella-bearing peloid packstone and grainstone lithofacies (Cunningham et al, 2006b), which is dominated by an Ophiomorpha ichnofabric. Based on mapping by Cunningham et al (2006b), the peloid packstone and grainstone lithofacies resembles the bryozoan facies described and interpreted by Hoffmeister et al (1967) to represent an open-marine shelf lagoon (Fig. 2); Perkins (1977) and Evans (1984) interpreted the facies as an open-marine platform.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

Cunningham

Rigby

Wacker

et al. 2007

Geol

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Sponges are not a common principal component of Cenozoic reefs and are more typically dominant in deep-water and/or cold-water localities. Here we report the discovery of extensive upper Pleistocene shallow-marine, tropical sponge biostromes from the Miami Limestone of southeastern Florida built by a new ceractinomorph demosponge. These upright, barrel-to vase-shaped sponges occur in monospecifi c aggregations constructed within the tidal channels of an oolitic tidalbar belt similar to modern examples on the Great Bahama Bank. The biostromes appear to have a ribbon-like geometry, with densely spaced sponges populating a paleochannel along a 3.5 km extent in the most lengthy biostrome. These are very large (as high as 2 m and 1.8 m in diameter), particularly well-preserved calcifi ed sponges with walls as hard as concrete. Quartz grains are the most common particles agglutinated in the structure of the sponge walls. Where exposed, sediment fi ll between the sponges is commonly a highly burrowed or cross-bedded ooid-bearing grainstone and, locally, quartz sand. It is postulated that the dense, localized distribution of these particular sponges was due to a slight edge over competitors for food or energy supply and space in a stressed environment of tidal-infl uenced salinity and nutrient changes, strong currents, and frequently shifting submarine sand dunes. To our knowledge, this represents the fi rst documentation of sponge biostromes composed of very large upright sponges within high-energy tidal channels between ooid shoals. The remarkably well-preserved accumulations provide an alternative example of sponge reefs for comparative paleoenvironmental studies.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

Cunningham

Rigby

Wacker

et al. 2007

Geol

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“…Moreover, geologic core analyses and high‐resolution photography of boreholes at the test site indicated that this uniquely higher conductivity most probably is associated to a discrete horizontal flow zone between 12.2 and 13.1 meters below land surface (bls) (Renken et al. , 2005; Cunningham et al. , 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Even though the newly reported transmissivity values are only 2‐4 times higher than the earlier reported values by Fish and Stewart (1991), the dominance of the transmissivity value is attributed to the discrete horizontal flow zone between 12.2 and 13.1 meters bls. Core analyses and high‐resolution photography at other locations indicated that this “conduit‐like” flow zone might extend throughout the capture area of the Northwest well field (Cunningham et al. , 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Modeling Approach to Address Hydrogeologic Uncertainties in Modeling Wellhead Protection Boundaries in Karst Aquifers¹

Guha¹

2008

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Development of any numerical ground‐water model is dependent on hydrogeologic data describing the subsurface. These data are obtained from geologic core analyses, stratigraphic analyses, aquifer performance tests, and geophysical studies. But typically in remote areas, these types of data are very sparse and site‐specific in terms of the aerial extent of the resource to be modeled. Uncertainties exist as to how well the available data from a few locations defines a heterogeneous surficial aquifer such as the Biscayne Aquifer in Miami‐Dade County, Florida. This is particularly the case when an exceptionally conductive horizontal flow zone is detected at one site due to specialized testing that was not historically conducted at the other at sites that provided data for the model. Not adequately accounting for the potential effect of the high flow zone in the aquifer within a ground‐water numerical model, even though the zone may be of very limited thickness, might underpredict the well field protection capture boundaries. Applied Stochastic ground‐water modeling in determining well field protection zones is steadily becoming important in addressing the uncertainty of the hydrogeologic subsurface parameters, specifically in karstic heterogeneous aquifers. This is particularly important in addressing the uncertainty of a 60‐day travel time capture zone in the Northwest Well Field, Miami‐Dade County, where a predominantly high flow zone controls much of the flow in the production wells. A stochastic ground‐water modeling application along with combination of pilot points and regularization technique is presented to further consolidate the uncertainty of the subsurface.

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“…Biscayne Aquifer rock-porosity classifications were also obtained from Cunningham et al (2006). The literature describes a large range in hydrologic properties throughout the Biscayne Aquifer karst that is a result in nested pore networks sometimes referred to as a triple porosity system.…”

Section: Biscayne Aquifermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Boltzmann Modeling and Specialized Laboratory Techniques to Determine the Permeability of Megaporous Karst Rock

Garcia¹

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Standard petrophysical laboratory techniques may not be capable of accurately measuring such high permeabilities. Instead, innovative procedures that can measure high permeabilities were applied. These fragile rocks cannot easily be cored or cut to shapes convenient for conducting permeability measurements. For the laboratory measurement, a 3D epoxy-resin printed rock core was produced from computed tomography data obtained from an outcrop sample. Permeability measurements were conducted using a viscous fluid to permit easily observable head gradients (~2 cm over 1 m) simultaneously with low Reynolds number flow. For a second permeability measurement, Lattice Boltzmann Method flow simulations were computed on the 3D core renderings.

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A cyclostratigraphic and borehole-geophysical approach to development of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida

Abstract: 10-12. Diagrams showing: 10. Idealized fifth-order cycles for the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone showing relations between lithofacies, depositional environments, porosity (pore classes

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

A Stochastic Modeling Approach to Address Hydrogeologic Uncertainties in Modeling Wellhead Protection Boundaries in Karst Aquifers¹

Lattice Boltzmann Modeling and Specialized Laboratory Techniques to Determine the Permeability of Megaporous Karst Rock

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A cyclostratigraphic and borehole-geophysical approach to development of a three-dimensional conceptual hydrogeologic model of the karstic Biscayne aquifer, southeastern Florida

Abstract: 10-12. Diagrams showing: 10. Idealized fifth-order cycles for the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone showing relations between lithofacies, depositional environments, porosity (pore classes

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

First documentation of tidal-channel sponge biostromes (upper Pleistocene, southeastern Florida)

A Stochastic Modeling Approach to Address Hydrogeologic Uncertainties in Modeling Wellhead Protection Boundaries in Karst Aquifers1

Lattice Boltzmann Modeling and Specialized Laboratory Techniques to Determine the Permeability of Megaporous Karst Rock

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A Stochastic Modeling Approach to Address Hydrogeologic Uncertainties in Modeling Wellhead Protection Boundaries in Karst Aquifers¹