A Danish version of self‐efficacy in diabetes self‐management: A valid and reliable questionnaire affected by age and sex

Lindkvist, Emilie Bundgaard; Kristensen, Lene Juel; Sildorf, Stine Møller; Kreiner, Svend; Svensson, Jannet; Mose, Anne Hvarregaard; Birkebæk, Niels H; Thastum, Mikael

doi:10.1111/pedi.12601

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…At the high end of HbA 1c values, the reason for the finding of increased BMI in girls compared to boys may also be related to differences in diabetes management or eating behaviours. It is known that girls have lower self‐efficacy regarding coping with diabetes, and emotional capacity for diabetes management has been shown to decrease with increasing age among girls 25 . Overeating could be one way of coping with emotional distress, and disturbed eating, including binge eating is more common in girls than boys 26 and was found particularly in overweight older girls and was related to higher HbA 1c 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between glycaemic outcome and BMI in Danish children with type 1 diabetes in 2000–2018: a nationwide population‐based study

et al. 2020

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Aim To describe the development of HbA1c and BMI over time in Danish children with type 1 diabetes; and to investigate the association between HbA1c and BMI including influence of age, gender, diabetes duration, severe hypoglycaemia and treatment method. Methods We used the nationwide Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes, DanDiabKids, including annual registrations of all children with diabetes treated at Danish hospitals. With linear mixed‐effects models and splines we analyzed the HbA1c and BMI development over time as well as the association between HbA1c and BMI including effects of gender, age, disease duration, hypoglycaemia and treatment method. BMI z‐scores were calculated for these analyses. Results For the period from 2000 to 2018, 6097 children with type 1 diabetes were identified from the DanDiabKids database. The median (interquartile range) HbA1c level was 65 (57–74) mmol/mol (8.1%) and the median BMI z‐score was 0.85 in girls and 0.67 in boys. A non‐linear association was found between HbA1c and BMI z‐score, with the highest BMI z‐score observed for HbA1c values in the range of approximately 60–70 mmol/mol (7.6–6.8%). The association was modified by gender, age and diabetes duration. Severe hypoglycaemia and insulin pump treatment had a small positive impact on BMI z‐score. Conclusion The association between HbA1c and BMI z‐score was non‐linear, with the highest BMI z‐score being observed for intermediate HbA1c levels; however, specific patterns depended on gender, age and diabetes duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between glycaemic outcome and BMI in Danish children with type 1 diabetes in 2000–2018: a nationwide population‐based study

et al. 2020

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“…The psychometric questionnaires used were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Efficacy in Diabetes Management (SEDM), WHO-5, and Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Worry Subscale (HFS) ( Supplementary Table S1 ). 31–37 PSQI was taken twice per respondent: once recollecting parent's sleep quality retrospectively, before their child initiated an OS-AID system, and once regarding parent's sleep-quality at enrollment. Likewise, SEDM was taken twice per respondent: once regarding the participant's self-efficacy retrospectively, before initiating an OS-AID system, and once regarding their self-efficacy at enrollment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHO-5, PSQI, and SEDM are validated in Danish, and HFS was translated for this study. 31 , 33–35 , 37 , 38 Translation was performed with two forward translators fluent in Danish and English with knowledge of the diabetes field, their Danish translations were compared, and then a backward translation was performed by a professional translator. The Danish version was tested by two adolescents with T1DM and their parents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Safety, and Metabolic Control Among Danish Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems

Fagerberg,

Borch,

Kristensen

et al. 2024

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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Background: Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has become increasingly technical with rapid developments in integration of pumps and sensors to regulate insulin dosage, and patient-initiated solutions as open-source automated insulin delivery (OS-AID) systems, have gained popularity in people with diabetes. Studies have shown increased glycemic control and mental wellbeing in users of OS-AID systems. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, the effect on metabolic control, the risk, and the effect on everyday life for users and their parents of OS-AID systems in Danish children and adolescents with T1DM. Methods: This retrospective cohort study recruited participants through pediatric diabetes outpatient clinics and social media. Surveys were distributed and current and retrospective data on glycemic control (HbA1c, time in range [TIR] etc.) were collected. Results: Fifty-six users of OS-AID systems out of 2950 Danish children and adolescents with T1DM were identified from all outpatient clinics in Denmark. Thirty-one responded on contact and were included (55% of the identified), median age 12 [interquartile range: 11–14] years, 51% females, and mean duration of use of OS-AID systems 2.37 ± 0.86 years. Glycemic control increased significantly with TIR increasing from mean 62.29% ± 13.68% to 70.12% ± 10.08%, * P < 0.01, and HbA1c decreasing from mean 50.13 ± 5.76 mmol/mol (6.7% ± 2.7%) to 47.86 ± 6.24 mmol/mol (6.5% ± 2.7%), ** P < 0.05. No changes were found in safety parameters. Parents reported better quality of sleep evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide knowledge on pediatric users of OS-AID systems in Denmark and found a prevalence of 1.89% for OS-AID systems, improved TIR, and no increased risk associated with use of OS-AID systems.

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“…The PRO diabetes tool evaluated confidence with self-management and priorities for self-management support using the theoretical model for measurement of self-efficacy as the basis 67,69,[227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236] . The study results suggest the measurement of confidence with self-management is helpful as a part of the dialogue about individual diabetes education needs as also indicated by other research 65,192,231 .…”

Section: Study IImentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of systematic approaches to patient involvement in the development and evaluation of a patient reported outcomes tool for use in routine diabetes care

Skovlund

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A Danish version of self‐efficacy in diabetes self‐management: A valid and reliable questionnaire affected by age and sex

Abstract: The Danish version of the SEDM questionnaire should be divided into two parts, each with a valid and reliable subscale for self-efficacy measurement. The relationship between self-efficacy and age seems to differ between boys and girls.

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Association between glycaemic outcome and BMI in Danish children with type 1 diabetes in 2000–2018: a nationwide population‐based study

Association between glycaemic outcome and BMI in Danish children with type 1 diabetes in 2000–2018: a nationwide population‐based study

Prevalence, Safety, and Metabolic Control Among Danish Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems

The use of systematic approaches to patient involvement in the development and evaluation of a patient reported outcomes tool for use in routine diabetes care

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