A data analysis of immiscible carbon dioxide injection applications for enhanced oil recovery based on an updated database

Fakher, Sherif; Imqam, Abdulmohsin

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2242-1

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Their applications have also been expanding rapidly due to their superior qualities and wide range of selectivity. Regardless of the direction of their application in the oil and gas industry, one of the main ongoing challenges in polymers is their injection in the reservoir and propagation through the formation [7]. In order to inject the polymer, it undergoes very high shear rates and it also needs to be able to withstand very high pressure differentials and temperatures [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Polymer Injection in High Permeability Conduits for Material Sustainability and Behavior in Oil Reservoirs

Fakher

Khlaifat

2023

Polymers

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Polymers are one of the most widely used chemicals in the oil and gas industry. They are used for mobility control in enhanced oil recovery, in conformance control as a cross-linked plugging agent, as a fracking fluid for fracture propagation and proppant transportation, and in drilling fluids as an additive for drilling mud enhancement. This research characterizes the polymer injectivity in different pore sizes under different conditions and evaluates the polymer conditions after injection. Based on this, the ability to reinject the polymer in the porous media is discussed. The factors studied include the pore size, the polymer concentration, the polymer injection flowrate, and polymer injectivity. When the porous media size was reduced to 1.59 mm (1/16th of an inch), the injectivity value reduced significantly, reaching less than 0.2 mL/min/psi and the polymer degradation increased primarily due to shearing. Results also showed that the polymers underwent four main degradations during injection including dehydration, syneresis, shearing, and excessive hydrolysis. In continuous fractures, the degradation is a strong function of the fracture size, length, and the polymer structure. The experimental results showed that one or more of the polymer degradations resulted in the inability to reinject the polymer in most cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Polymer Injection in High Permeability Conduits for Material Sustainability and Behavior in Oil Reservoirs

Fakher

Khlaifat

2023

Polymers

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show abstract

“…Their applications have also been expanding rapidly due to their superior qualities and wide range of selectivity. Regardless of the direction of their application in the oil and gas industry, one of the main ongoing challenges in polymers is their injection in the reservoir and propagation through the formation [9]. In order to inject the polymer it undergoes very high shear rates and also it needs to be able to withstand very high pressure differentials and temperatures [10,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Polymer Reinjection in Long Conduits for Material Sustainability and Cost Reduction of Enhanced Oil Recovery

Fakher¹,

Khlaifat²

2023

Preprint

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Polymers are one of the most widely used chemicals in the oil and gas industry. They are used for mobility control in enhanced oil recovery, in conformance control as a crosslinked plugging agent, as a fracking fluid for fracture propagation and proppant transportation, and in drilling fluids as an additive for drilling mud enhancement. In the majority of its applications in the petroleum industry, the polymer needs to be injected under high pressures and temperatures. This can impact the polymer structure significantly and compromises the possibility of reusing the injected polymer for cost reduction and material sustainability. This research characterizes the polymer injectivity in different pore sizes under different conditions and evaluates the polymer conditions after injection. Based on this, the ability to reinject the polymer in the porous media is discussed. The factors studied include the pore size, the polymer concentration, the polymer injection flowrate, and polymer injectivity. Results showed that the polymer usually undergoes four main degradations during injection including dehydration, syneresis, shearing, and excessive hydrolysis. The experimental results showed that one or more of the polymer degradations resulted in the inability to reinject the polymer in most cases.

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Development of novel mathematical models for laboratory studies of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer injectivity in high-permeability conduits

Fakher¹

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer (HPAM) is the most used polymer in enhanced oil recovery operations in the oil industry. This is mainly attributed to its cost and availability. An important aspect during polymer injection in the formation for mobility control is the ability to inject the polymer easily and safely in the reservoir without having to deal with extremely high pressure gradients and without risking formation fracture. This research develops two mathematical models that can help obtain values for polymer injectivity as a function of HPAM concentration, injection flowrate, and the porous media pore size. The mathematical models were developed based on experiments conducted previously using different polymer concentrations, pore sizes, and polymer injection flowrates. After the models were developed, different data were used to validate the model and examine its accuracy in determining polymer injectivity. The models were also used to predict polymer injectivity for different conditions and illustrate the pore sizes at which the polymer was not able to propagate in the formation. Since the models have several limitations, these were mentioned in the manuscript in order to reduce any error obtained while using the models.

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A data analysis of immiscible carbon dioxide injection applications for enhanced oil recovery based on an updated database

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Experimental Investigation of Polymer Injection in High Permeability Conduits for Material Sustainability and Behavior in Oil Reservoirs

Experimental Investigation of Polymer Injection in High Permeability Conduits for Material Sustainability and Behavior in Oil Reservoirs

Experimental Investigation of Polymer Reinjection in Long Conduits for Material Sustainability and Cost Reduction of Enhanced Oil Recovery

Development of novel mathematical models for laboratory studies of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer injectivity in high-permeability conduits

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