“…Equation ( 3) dictates the temperature of the building T b at every timestep ∆t, which depends on the total gains of the building (HP output Qhp & heat from incident solar irradiation Qir ), the total building losses Qlos (conductive losses Qcond & ventilation losses Qvent ). Moreover, it depends on the total heating capacity: the building capacity C b = 4.755 kW h/K (a typical building value has been derived by [12]), and the capacity of the air volume inside the building, equal to V b = 585 m 3 , where C air and ρ air represent the air's specific heat capacity and density, respectively. The conductive & ventilation losses and incident irradiation heat gains are modeled in ( 5)-( 7) [3], respectively, where A surf , d surf & U surf the area, thickness & conductivity of every surface, T b & T a the building and ambient temperatures, r b the air change rate of the building assumed 0.35h −1 , G inc the incident irradiation on the building, w b = 0.3 the building's wall-to-window ratio and s b = 0.2 the solar heat gain coefficient of the windows.…”