A data-centric approach to generative modelling for 3D-printed steel

Abstract

The emergence of additive manufacture (AM) for metallic material enables components of near arbitrary complexity to be produced. This has potential to disrupt traditional engineering approaches. However, metallic AM components exhibit greater levels of variation in their geometric and mechanical properties compared to standard components, which is not yet well understood. This uncertainty poses a fundamental barrier to potential users of the material, since extensive post-manufacture testing is currently required to ensure safety standards are met. Taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines probabilistic mechanics and uncertainty quantification, we demonstrate that intrinsic variation in AM steel can be well described by a generative statistical model that enables the quality of a design to be predicted before manufacture. Specifically, the geometric variation in the material can be described by an anisotropic spatial random field with oscillatory covariance structure, and the mechanical behaviour by a stochastic anisotropic elasto-plastic material model. The fitted generative model is validated on a held-out experimental dataset and our results underscore the need to combine both statistical and physics-based modelling in the characterization of new AM steel products.

Description of anisotropic material response of wire and arc additively manufactured thin-walled stainless steel elements

“…Orthotropic materials are a subset of anisotropic materials, having three mutually orthogonal planes of property symmetry and, at any given point, having different properties in three mutually orthogonal directions [38]. The same model type has been adopted by Bruggi et al [26] and Dodwell et al [39]; the special case of transverse isotropy was assumed in the latter. Compared to fully anisotropic material models, which require 21 independent elastic constants, orthotropic models require only 9, namely three Young's moduli, three Poisson's ratios and three shear moduli.…”

Eksplorasi Tantangan Internal dan Eksternal dalam Adaptasi Sosial: Studi Kasus Komunitas Grab Motor Lusuru’ di Kota Makassar

“…Demi berlangsungnya aktifitas seperti biasanya, diharapkan masyarakat tetap mematuhi aturan yang berlaku terkait penerapan protokol kesehatan. Protokol kesehatan sendiri diantaranya alat pelindung diri (APD) sebagai pelindung wajah saat berpergian yaitu menggunakan masker (Dodwell et al, 2021). Menggunakan handsanitizer dan mencuci tangan juga salah satu bentuk pencegahan terjadinya penularan (Lee at al., 2021).…”

Numerical Modelling of the World's First Metal 3D Printed Bridge

“…the end beams and deck plate) was assumed to be isotropic, with the assigned mechanical properties given in Table 2 [35]. However, for the WAAM bridge components, the usual assumption of material isotropy was found to be inappropriate, following the testing [28] and analysis [36,37] of 51 WAAM tensile coupons loaded at 0°, 45° and 90° to the print layer orientation -see Figure 4(a), produced using the same material and printing parameters employed during the manufacture of the bridge. The influence of the undulating surface geometry, inherent to the WAAM process, on the material response was also investigated by testing both machined and as-built coupons [23], as shown in Figure 4(b).…”