A data-driven acute inflammation therapy

Abstract

Acute inflammation is a severe medical condition defined as an inflammatory response of the body to an infection. Its rapid progression requires quick and accurate decisions from clinicians. Inadequate and delayed decisions makes acute inflammation the 10th leading cause of death overall in United States with the estimated cost of treatment about $17 billion annually. However, despite the need, there are limited number of methods that could assist clinicians to determine optimal therapies for acute inflammation. We developed a data-driven method for suggesting optimal therapy by using machine learning model that is learned on historical patients' behaviors. To reduce both the risk of failure and the expense for clinical trials, our method is evaluated on a virtual patients generated by a mathematical model that emulates inflammatory response. In conducted experiments, acute inflammation was handled with two complimentary pro- and anti-inflammatory medications which adequate timing and doses are crucial for the successful outcome. Our experiments show that the dosage regimen assigned with our data-driven method significantly improves the percentage of healthy patients when compared to results by other methods used in clinical practice and found in literature. Our method saved 88% of patients that would otherwise die within a week, while the best method found in literature saved only 73% of patients. At the same time, our method used lower doses of medications than alternatives. In addition, our method achieved better results than alternatives when only incomplete or noisy measurements were available over time as well as it was less affected by therapy delay. The presented results provide strong evidence that models from the artificial intelligence community have a potential for development of personalized treatment strategies for acute inflammation.

Data-Driven Forecasting of Agitation for Persons with Dementia: A Deep Learning-Based Approach

“…In treatment of acute inflammation, for instance, the medicine dosage designed by data-driven methods increased survival rates from 73% to 88%. This outcome proves that data-driven models contribute to personalized treatment [31]. In another study, deep learning class of machine learning models was utilized in risk assessment and detection of diabetic foot ulcers [32].…”

Toward a model-free feedback control synthesis for treating acute inflammation

“…The estimation of the fundamental quantity F in Equation (1) via the control and output variables u and y will be detailed in Section 2.2. It connects our approach to the data-driven viewpoint which has been adopted in control engineering (see, e.g., [39,42,67,68]) and in studies about inflammation (see, e.g., [9,20,69,84]).…”