A data-driven complex network approach for planning sustainable and inclusive urban mobility hubs and services

Abstract

New mobility services that facilitate multimodal options are important for strategic urban transport systems planning. Part of this strategy is municipal investment in urban mobility hubs to increase access to mobility services. We present a new evaluation framework and algorthim to locate and assess the sustainability and equity impacts of hubs in cities. Scenarios are used to evaluate hub investment strategies in different cities that prioritize (1) current mode split, (2) high transit capacity, and (3) multimodal services. From an equity perspective, high transit capacity and multimodal hub strategies include more low-income areas than current mode split, which covers middle-income areas most. Travel times to access the nearest hub in Portland by low-income households is ∼20–40 min compared to high-income households requiring ∼25–30 min. Seattle and Vancouver perform better requiring ∼15–20 min for low-income compared to ∼25–35 min for high-income households. Multimodal hubs are the most efficient requiring ∼15–20 minutes to reach compared to ∼15–30 minutes for high capacity and current mode split scenarios. From a sustainability perspective, ∼10%–50% of the population cannot reach a hub within 30 minutes by public transit compared to <10% by car, and travel time to reach the nearest hub in all three cities by car is <20 min compared to ∼20–40 min by public transit. Between all cities, low-income households representing ∼2%–15% of the total population have no access to a hub by public transit within 30 min compared to high-income households representing ∼1%–3% of the total population. Only in Portland are there low-income households not able to reach a hub by car, and in each city, all high-income households can reach at least one hub by car within 30 min. Our results show how municipalities can strategically invest in public transit and multimodal options to increase the frequency, quality, and overall mobility for low- and medium-income households and improve access to essential amenities for more vulnerable citizens. Municipalities can use our hub evaluation framework to explore alternative transport investment scenarios and spatially locate urban hubs to meet future travel demand, increase adoption of multimodal services, and improve equitable access for all citizens.

Monitoring the well-being of vulnerable transit riders using machine learning based sentiment analysis and social media: Lessons from COVID-19

“…Under normal circumstances, transportation planning already faces considerable challenges in the quality of data for equity analysis ( Tran and Draeger, 2021 ). This is due to the limitations of travel survey methods that fail to capture variation in travel behaviour, and does not accurately represent demand patterns ( Martens, 2017 ).…”

Decentralized mobility hubs in urban residential neighborhoods improve the contribution of carsharing to sustainable mobility: findings from a quasi-experimental study

“…Anderson et al (2017), for instance, developed a methodology for determining optimal hub locations and applied it to a case study in Oakland, California. Tran and Draeger (2021) created an evaluation framework to assess the sustainability and equity impacts of hub implementation strategies under different scenarios in the North American cities of Portland, Seattle, and Vancouver. Beyond that, empirical studies concerning actually implemented mobility hubs are even rarer.…”

Evaluation of Railway Station Infrastructure to Facilitate Bike–Train Intermodality

“…To improve this situation, a possible solution could be to replace 20% of private cars, thus reducing air emissions by 12% (CO 2 equivalent). Of course, to achieve this purpose and significantly reduce pollution, private car users should rely on an efficient network of multiple and shared means of transport, including bicycles [7][8][9] with mobility hubs allowing for easy and safe access to different modes of transport [10][11][12]. Relying on an intermodal transport means that the destination is reached using at least two different modes of transport, while providing economical and technical advantages, improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions [13][14][15].…”