A Day at the Beach While on Tropical Vacation

Steffen, Alana; Lunde, Kevin B.; Gies, Peter

doi:10.1001/archderm.144.11.1449

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In line with previous research showing evidence for this subtype of holidaymakers (O’Riordan, Steffen, Lunde, & Gies, 2008; Pagoto, McChargue, Schneider, & Werth Cook, 2004), our participants placed importance upon get a tan, but reported good intentions to protect. In these studies four categories of beachgoers were identified: (1) low-risk sun worshipper (mostly skin types III and IV); (2) high-risk ‘sunburners’ (mostly skin types I and II); (3) moderate- to high-risk tan seekers (mostly skin types II and III) and (4) low-risk sun indifferent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In these studies four categories of beachgoers were identified: (1) low-risk sun worshipper (mostly skin types III and IV); (2) high-risk ‘sunburners’ (mostly skin types I and II); (3) moderate- to high-risk tan seekers (mostly skin types II and III) and (4) low-risk sun indifferent. Both studies (O’Riordan et al, 2008; Pagoto et al, 2004) found that the largest subtype includes holidaymakers with a clear intention to tan, despite having a sensitive skin type that is prone to sunburns. Taken together with our results, these data suggest that public health sun-safe messages may need not only to emphasise the importance of UVR protection, but may also need to focus on how to achieve appropriate protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aware, motivated and striving for a ‘safe tan’: an exploratory mixed-method study of sun-protection during holidays

Rodrigues

Sniehotta

Birch‐Machin

et al. 2017

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

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Background: This article presents an exploratory study, aiming to explore the correspondence between knowledge, motivation and sun-protection practices during holidays. Methods: Seventeen participants aged 21–62 years old, recruited from community settings took part in individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews, completed sun sensitivity questions and an objective assessment of sunscreen use. Holidaymakers’ knowledge about sun-safe messages, intentions and perceptions of barriers and facilitators for sun-protection were assessed. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative data, using a pragmatic theory-informed approach to synthesise the findings. Results: Participants were well informed about sun-safe messages, highly motivated to protect themselves from solar UV radiation (UVR) and they perceived themselves as well protected. However, they did not seem to use effective protective practices. Sunscreen was the preferred method of sun-protection, but most participants used considerably less than the recommended amount and significantly overestimated the amount of time they could be safely exposed. Seeking shade was the least used method of sun-protection and covering-up strategies were mostly implemented as a partial protection (i.e. hats or sunglasses). The desire to reach an optimal balance between getting a tan and using sun-protection to avoid sunburns was preeminent. Several additional barriers and facilitators for sun-protection were identified. Conclusions: Holidaymakers might have a false sense of security when it comes to sun-exposure. They are aware of the need to protect from solar UVR, but the motive for a safe tan, the overreliance on sunscreen, the overestimation of the safe sun-exposure time for their skin type and the insufficient application of sunscreen leaves holidaymakers motivated to protect their skin at significant risk of overexposure, sunburn and skin cancer. Public health messages need to address how to implement effective sun-safe strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aware, motivated and striving for a ‘safe tan’: an exploratory mixed-method study of sun-protection during holidays

Rodrigues

Sniehotta

Birch‐Machin

et al. 2017

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

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“…(Hall, 2016) Excessive UV exposure and sunburning still prevail among vacationers. (Bränström et al, 2006; Køster et al, 2011; O'Riordan et al, 2008; Reinau et al, 2014) As much as 75% of this leisure travel involves recreating outdoors with prolonged sun exposure (e.g., golfing and hiking) and/or skin-revealing clothing (e.g., swimming and tennis). Interventions that promote sun protection during vacations could reduce UV exposure but prior efforts have yielded mixed results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an intervention on observed sun protection by vacationers in a randomized controlled trial at North American resorts

Buller

Andersen

Walkosz

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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During vacations, many individuals receive high-risk sun exposure that is associated with skin cancer. Vacationers in outdoor recreation venues (pretest n=4,347; posttest n=3,986) at warm-weather destination resorts in North America (n=41) were enrolled in a pair-matched, group-randomized pretest-posttest controlled quasi-experimental design in 2012-14. Print, audiovisual, and online messages based on Transportation Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory and promoting advanced sun protection (e.g., use of clothing, hats, shade and pre-application/reapplication of sunscreen and reliable cues to high UV) were delivered through resort channels. Vacationers' sun protection practices observed by trained research staff (i.e., body coverage and shade use analyzed individually and in combined scores) did not differ by experimental condition (p>0.05) or intervention implementation (p>0.05). However, recreation venue moderated intervention impact. The intervention improved sun protection at waterside recreation venues (z-score composite: intervention pre=-22.74, post=-15.77; control pre=-27.24, post=-23.24) but not non-waterside venues (z-score composite: intervention pre=20.43, post=20.53; control pre=22.94, post=18.03, p<0.01). An additional analysis showed that resorts with greater program implementation showed more improvements in sun protection by vacationers at waterside (z=score composite: high implementation pre=-25.45, post=-14.05; low implementation pre=-24.70, post=-21.40) compared to non-waterside (z-score composite: high implementation pre=14.51, post=19.98; low implementation pre=24.03, post=18.98, p<0.01) recreation venues. The intervention appeared effective with the vacationers in recreation venues with the highest-risk for sun exposure, waterside venues. However, it was not effective throughout all the resort venues, possibly because of the sun-seeking desires of vacationers, information overload at the resorts, and constraints on clothing styles and sun protection by recreation activity.

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“…One study estimated that beach-going vacationers receive on average 500% more UVR than required to sunburn, 13 so it is not surprising that research on three continents links vacationing in sunnier climates (e.g. mountains, beaches, sea, and waterside) and lifetime recreational sun exposure during such vacations with melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sun Protection at Outdoor Recreation and Leisure Venues at Resorts in North America

Walkosz

Scott

Buller

et al. 2017

American Journal of Health Education

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Background Exposure to solar ultra violet radiation (UVR) is a primary risk factor for skin cancer. Vacationers often fail to protect themselves from harmful UVR. Purpose The study assessed the sun protection practices of resort guests in various outdoor leisure and recreation venues during warm-weather seasons. Method 41 North American resorts were enrolled in a quasi-experimental randomized controlled trial. Adult guests were observed (n=4091) and surveyed (n=3694) in a cross sectional sample. Data collection was conducted in recreation and leisure venues with outdoors commons/reception areas acting as the comparison condition. Results The mean percent of vacationers at pools and beaches were more likely (p < 0.001) to wear sunscreen than in commons areas but less likely (p < 0.001) to wear cover-up clothing or use shade. In both samples, the combined sun protection scores were higher in commons areas compared to all venues except for outdoor dining (p < 0.001). Discussion Sun safety was suboptimal in all venues and was potentially mitigated by venue type. Translation to Health Education Practice Approaches are needed to encourage vacationers to practice comprehensive sun protection and to work with resorts to construct built environments that facilitate rather than act as barriers to sun safety.

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A Day at the Beach While on Tropical Vacation

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Aware, motivated and striving for a ‘safe tan’: an exploratory mixed-method study of sun-protection during holidays

Aware, motivated and striving for a ‘safe tan’: an exploratory mixed-method study of sun-protection during holidays

Effect of an intervention on observed sun protection by vacationers in a randomized controlled trial at North American resorts

Prevalence of Sun Protection at Outdoor Recreation and Leisure Venues at Resorts in North America

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