A Dearth of Close-in Stellar Companions to M-dwarf TESS Objects of Interest

Clark, Catherine A.; Belle, Gerald van; Ciardi, David R.; Lund, Michael B.; Howell, Steve B.; Everett, Mark E.; Beichman, Charles; Winters, Jennifer G.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac6101

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…potential exoplanet host stars (see most recently e.g. Kervella, Arenou, & Thévenin, 2022 or Clark et al, 2022). Here, we present the latest results from our survey, which was already initiated early 2020 at the University Observatory Jena, aimed at detecting and characterizing stellar companions of (C)TOIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest

Mugrauer¹,

Michel²

2020

Astron Nachr

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The first results of a new survey, which explores the second data release of the ESA-Gaia mission, are reported in order to search for stellar companions of (Community) TESS Objects of Interest and to characterize their properties. In total, 193 binary and 15 hierarchical triple star systems are presented, detected among 1,391 target stars, which are located at distances closer than about 500 pc around the Sun. The companions and the targets are equidistant and share a common proper motion, as is expected for gravitationally bound stellar systems, proven with their accurate Gaia astrometry. The companions exhibit masses in the range between about 0.08 M ⊙ and 3M ⊙ and are most frequently found in the mass range between 0.13 and 0.6M ⊙. The companions are separated from the targets by about 40 up to 9,900 au, and their frequency continually decreases with increasing separation. While most of the detected companions are late K to mid M dwarfs, also five white dwarf companions were identified in this survey, whose true nature is revealed by their photometric properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest

Mugrauer¹,

Michel²

2020

Astron Nachr

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“…During the last few years, several surveys were carried out by different teams using Gaia data and/or ground‐based observations to explore the multiplicity of nearby stars, including also (C)TOIs, that is, potential exoplanet host stars (see most recently, for example, Kervella et al 2022 or Clark et al 2022). Here, we present the latest results from our survey, which was already initiated early 2020 at the University Observatory Jena, aimed at detecting and characterizing stellar companions of (C)TOIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest III

Mugrauer¹,

Zander²,

Michel³

2022

Astron Nachr

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The latest results from our ongoing multiplicity study of (Community) TESS Objects of Interest are presented, using astro-and photometric data from the ESA-Gaia mission, to detect stellar companions of these stars and characterize their properties. A total of 124 binary and 7 hierarchical triple star systems were detected among 2175 targets, whose multiplicity was investigated in the course of our survey, which are located at distances closer than about 500 pc around the Sun. The detected companions and the targets are located at the same distance and share a common proper motion, as expected for components of gravitationally bound stellar systems, as proven with their accurate Gaia EDR3 astrometry.The companions have masses in the range between about 0.09 and 2.5 M ⊙ and are most frequently found in the mass range between 0.15 and 0.8 M ⊙ . The companions exhibit projected separations to the targets between about 50 to 9700 au and their frequency is the highest and constant up to about 500 au, while it decreases for larger projected separations. In addition to mainly mid M to early K dwarfs, 4 white dwarf companions were also detected in this survey, whose true nature could be identified with their photometric properties.

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“…The close binary fraction is also relatively constant across the M dwarf range, which suggests that there is no introduction of a systematic error with their removal (Offner et al 2022). Additionally, M dwarf binary systems with planets or planet candidates tend to have wide separations between the stellar components (e.g., Clark et al 2022a). To identify multiple stars in our sample, we searched the RECONS M dwarf binary catalogs (Winters et al 2019;Vrijmoet et al 2020), the Gaia EDR3 binary catalog (El-Badry et al 2021), the recent results from Robo-AO (Salama et al 2021(Salama et al , 2022, the M dwarf TESS objects of interest (TOIs) companion catalog (Clark et al 2022a), and the POKEMON speckle catalog (Clark et al 2022b).…”

Section: Target Starsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EDEN Survey: Small Transiting Planet Detection Limits and Constraints on the Occurrence Rates of Planets around Late-M Dwarfs within 15 pc

Dietrich

Apai

Schlecker

et al. 2023

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Earth-sized exoplanets that transit nearby, late-spectral-type red dwarfs will be prime targets for atmospheric characterization in the coming decade. Such systems, however, are difficult to find via widefield transit surveys like Kepler or TESS. Consequently, the presence of such transiting planets is unexplored and the occurrence rates of short-period Earth-sized planets around late-M dwarfs remain poorly constrained. Here, we present the deepest photometric monitoring campaign of 22 nearby late-M dwarf stars, using data from over 500 nights on seven 1–2 m class telescopes. Our survey includes all known single quiescent northern late-M dwarfs within 15 pc. We use transit injection-and-recovery tests to quantify the completeness of our survey, successfully identify most (>80%) transiting short-period (0.5–1 days) super-Earths (R >1.9 R ⊕), and are sensitive (∼50%) to transiting Earth-sized planets (1.0–1.2 R ⊕). Our high sensitivity to transits with a near-zero false-positive rate demonstrates an efficient survey strategy. Our survey does not yield a transiting planet detection, yet it provides the most sensitive upper limits on transiting planets orbiting our target stars. Finally, we explore multiple hypotheses about the occurrence rates of short-period planets (from Earth-sized planets to giant planets) around late-M dwarfs. We show, for example, that giant planets with short periods (<1 day) are uncommon around our target stars. Our data set provides some insight into the occurrence rates of short-period planets around TRAPPIST-1-like stars, and our results can help test planetary formation and system evolution models, as well as guide future observations of nearby late-M dwarfs.

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A Dearth of Close-in Stellar Companions to M-dwarf TESS Objects of Interest

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest

Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest

Gaia search for stellar companions of TESS Objects of Interest III

EDEN Survey: Small Transiting Planet Detection Limits and Constraints on the Occurrence Rates of Planets around Late-M Dwarfs within 15 pc

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