A Decade of Global Atmospheric Monitoring Delivers Mixed Report Card on the Stockholm Convention

Shunthirasingham, Chubashini; Hoang, Michelle; Lei, Ying Duan; Gawor, Anya; Wania, Frank

doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00316

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Air concentrations of HCBD reported for the Chinese atmosphere are many orders of magnitude higher than these levels . Shunthirasingham et al demonstrated that increases in HCBD concentrations in the atmosphere are a global phenomenon and did not start in 2017 but had in fact been ongoing since at least 2008. HCBD is now by far the most prevalent POP in the global atmosphere.…”

Section: Apparent Complacency In Response To Increasing Releases Of U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend was confirmed by Fiedler et al who found ∼50% higher air concentrations of HCB globally in 2017–2019 compared to 2010/11. More than 10 years of global monitoring revealed that after a drop in HCB air concentrations between 2005 and 2008, levels have been steadily and significantly rising between 2008 and 2016 …”

Section: Apparent Complacency In Response To Increasing Releases Of U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Stockholm Convention at a Crossroads: Questionable Nominations and Inadequate Compliance Threaten Its Acceptance and Utility

Wania,

McLachlan

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Twenty years since coming into force, the Stockholm Convention has become a "living" global agreement that has allowed for the addition of substances that are likely, as a result of their long-range environmental transport (LRET), to lead to significant adverse effects. The recent listing of the phenolic benzotriazole UV-328 in Annex A and a draft nomination of three cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) for Annex B draw attention to the fact that many chemicals are subject to LRET and that this can lead to questionable nominations. The nomination of UV-328 and the draft nomination of cVMS also raise the spectre of regrettable substitutions. At the same time, atmospheric monitoring across the globe reveals that environmental releases of several unintentionally produced POPs listed in Annex C, such as hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, are continuing unabated, highlighting shortcomings in the enforcement of the minimum measures required under Article 5. There is also no evidence of efforts to substitute a chemical whose use has been known for three decades to unintentionally produce polychlorinated biphenyls. These developments need to be rectified to safeguard the long-term viability and acceptance of a global treaty of undeniable importance.

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Section: Apparent Complacency In Response To Increasing Releases Of U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparent Complacency In Response To Increasing Releases Of U...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stockholm Convention at a Crossroads: Questionable Nominations and Inadequate Compliance Threaten Its Acceptance and Utility

Wania,

McLachlan

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In Situ Photoelectrodeposited Polyaniline on Ti‐Doping Hematite For Highly Selective Photoelectrochemical Oxygen Demand Determination

Li,

Tang,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), as a detection indicator of water pollution, is of particular importance in assessing organic pollution in water. Furthermore, accurate and simple measuring COD methods are essential for water quality assessment and pollution control. However, the photoelectrochemical oxygen demand (PECOD) measurement, as one of the measuring COD methods, is affected by the reaction of water splitting, which is one of the hindrances to the commercialization of the analytical method of the PeCOD measurement. Hence, to overcome this challenge, a new PANI/Ti:Fe2O3 photoanode is constructed by hydrothermal and photoelectrochemical (PEC) deposition methods and investigated their optical properties and photoactivity. Under optimization conditions, it is discovered that the oxidation of organic compounds produces a net steady‐state current (inet) is directly proportional to COD concentration, with a detection limit of 1 mM glucose solution and a wide linear detection range of 1–78.125 mM, which is suitable for high concentration of glucose detection. As has been noted, PANI/Ti:Fe2O3 photoanode overcomes the obstacles to the practical application and eventual commercialization of the PECOD technology.

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Archetypes of Spatial Concentration Variability of Organic Contaminants in the Atmosphere: Implications for Identifying Sources and Mapping the Gaseous Outdoor Inhalation Exposome

Zhan,

Li,

Shunthirasingham

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Whereas inhalation exposure to organic contaminants can negatively impact human health, knowledge of their spatial variability in the ambient atmosphere remains limited. We analyzed the extracts of passive air samplers deployed at 119 unique sites in Southern Canada between 2019 and 2022 for 353 organic vapors. Hierarchical clustering of the obtained data set revealed four archetypes of spatial concentration variability in the outdoor atmosphere, which are indicative of common sources and similar atmospheric dispersion behavior. “Point Source” signatures are characterized by elevated concentration in the vicinity of major release locations. A “Population” signature applies to compounds whose air concentrations are highly correlated with population density, and is associated with emissions from consumer products. The “Water Source” signature applies to substances with elevated levels in the vicinity of water bodies from which they evaporate. Another group of compounds displays a “Uniform” signature, indicative of a lack of major sources within the study area. We illustrate how such a data set, and the derived spatial patterns, can be applied to support the identification of sources, the quantification of atmospheric emissions, the modeling of air quality, and the investigation of potential inequities in inhalation exposure.

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A Decade of Global Atmospheric Monitoring Delivers Mixed Report Card on the Stockholm Convention

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

The Stockholm Convention at a Crossroads: Questionable Nominations and Inadequate Compliance Threaten Its Acceptance and Utility

The Stockholm Convention at a Crossroads: Questionable Nominations and Inadequate Compliance Threaten Its Acceptance and Utility

In Situ Photoelectrodeposited Polyaniline on Ti‐Doping Hematite For Highly Selective Photoelectrochemical Oxygen Demand Determination

Archetypes of Spatial Concentration Variability of Organic Contaminants in the Atmosphere: Implications for Identifying Sources and Mapping the Gaseous Outdoor Inhalation Exposome

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