A Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Remote Health Monitoring System

Ali, Muhammad Salek; Vecchio, Massimo; Putra, Guntur Dharma; Kanhere, Salil S.; Antonelli, Fabio

doi:10.3390/s20061656

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on the immutable and distributed features of blockchain, a common shared ledger may facilitate health information exchange (HIE). Some proof-of-concept studies have covered the potential and major contributions to these topics; for example, Ali et al [ 37 ] focused on remote health monitoring, Hau et al [ 23 ] surveyed stakeholders’ attitudes, and Esmaeilzadeh and Mirzaei [ 18 ] conducted an experimental study to understand patients’ perceptions of various exchange mechanisms. In addition, while several researchers conducted literature reviews to shed light on potential strengths and limitations of blockchain applications [ 38 , 39 ], others reviewed potential identity management solutions [ 28 ] and developed evaluation frameworks for assessing performance of blockchain initiatives [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain in Health Care Innovation: Literature Review and Case Study From a Business Ecosystem Perspective

Chang¹,

Chen²

2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background Blockchain technology is leveraging its innovative potential in various sectors and its transformation of business-related processes has drawn much attention. Topics of research interest have focused on medical and health care applications, while research implications have generally concluded in system design, literature reviews, and case studies. However, a general overview and knowledge about the impact on the health care ecosystem is limited. Objective This paper explores a potential paradigm shift and ecosystem evolution in health care utilizing blockchain technology. Methods A literature review with a case study on a pioneering initiative was conducted. With a systematic life cycle analysis, this study sheds light on the evolutionary development of blockchain in health care scenarios and its interactive relationship among stakeholders. Results Four stages—birth, expansion, leadership, and self-renewal or death—in the life cycle of the business ecosystem were explored to elucidate the evolving trajectories of blockchain-based health care implementation. Focused impacts on the traditional health care industry are highlighted within each stage to further support the potential health care paradigm shift in the future. Conclusions This paper enriches the existing body of literature in this field by illustrating the potential of blockchain in fulfilling stakeholders’ needs and elucidating the phenomenon of coevolution within the health care ecosystem. Blockchain not only catalyzes the interactions among players but also facilitates the formation of the ecosystem life cycle. The collaborative network linked by blockchain may play a critical role on value creation, transfer, and sharing among the health care community. Future efforts may focus on empirical or case studies to validate the proposed evolution of the health care ecosystem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain in Health Care Innovation: Literature Review and Case Study From a Business Ecosystem Perspective

Chang¹,

Chen²

2020

J Med Internet Res

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“…Advances in IoT technology supported by edge or fog computing serve to bring blockchain functionality to the patient level. Ali and colleagues 71 combined blockchain with medical IoT to deliver remote patient monitoring, such as cardiac monitoring, sleep apnoea testing, and electroencephalogram monitoring. In their study, they addressed inherent blockchain and IoT issues, such as privacy and scalability, by adopting a hybrid of on-chain (public blockchain for authentication and record keeping) and off-chain solutions (Tor hidden services for data transfer).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review

Ng¹,

Tan²,

Movva³

et al. 2021

The Lancet Digital Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial and global impact on health care, and has greatly accelerated the adoption of digital technology. One of these emerging digital technologies, blockchain, has unique characteristics (eg, immutability, decentralisation, and transparency) that can be useful in multiple domains (eg, management of electronic medical records and access rights, and mobile health). We conducted a systematic review of COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related applications of blockchain in health care. We identified relevant reports published in MEDLINE, SpringerLink, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, ScienceDirect, arXiv, and Google Scholar up to July 29, 2021. Articles that included both clinical and technical designs, with or without prototype development, were included. A total of 85 375 articles were evaluated, with 415 full length reports (37 related to COVID-19 and 378 not related to COVID-19) eventually included in the final analysis. The main COVID-19-related applications reported were pandemic control and surveillance, immunity or vaccine passport monitoring, and contact tracing. The top three non-COVID-19-related applications were management of electronic medical records, internet of things (eg, remote monitoring or mobile health), and supply chain monitoring. Most reports detailed technical performance of the blockchain prototype platforms (277 [66·7%] of 415), whereas nine (2·2%) studies showed real-world clinical application and adoption. The remaining studies (129 [31·1%] of 415) were themselves of a technical design only. The most common platforms used were Ethereum and Hyperledger. Blockchain technology has numerous potential COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related applications in health care. However, much of the current research remains at the technical stage, with few providing actual clinical applications, highlighting the need to translate foundational blockchain technology into clinical use.

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“…The proposed system is designed and developed using hyperledger fabric, which is an enterprise-distributed ledger framework for developing blockchain-based applications. Ali et al [21] presented a solution for patients to share their biomedical data with their doctors without their data being handled by trusted third-party entities. The solution is built on the Ethereum blockchain as a medium for negotiating and record-keeping, along with Tor for delivering data from patients to doctors.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of High-Performance Blockchain Network Based on Cross-Chain Technology for IoT Applications

Lin

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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With the development of technology, the network structure has changed a lot. Many people regard the Internet of Things as the next-generation network structure, which means all the embedded devices can communicate with each other directly. However, some problems remain in IoT before it can be applied in a large scale. Blockchain, which has become a hot research topic in recent years, may be one of the solutions. However, currently, the transaction speed of blockchain is still a disadvantage compared to traditional transaction methods. This paper focuses on to implement a high-performance blockchain platform. After investigation of the current blockchain consensus algorithm and blockchain architecture, we propose: (1) an improved blockchain consensus algorithm, which is implemented based on the mortgage model instead of probability model; (2) a cross-chain protocol with transverse expansion capacity, which would support the message transmission among chains; (3) a high-performance cross-chain blockchain network structure, which could handle more than 1000 transactions per second per chain by verification. Experiments have been carried out, and shown that the cross-chain blockchain network structure we provided is feasible to meet the requirement of large-scale distributed IoT applications.

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A Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Remote Health Monitoring System

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Blockchain in Health Care Innovation: Literature Review and Case Study From a Business Ecosystem Perspective

Blockchain in Health Care Innovation: Literature Review and Case Study From a Business Ecosystem Perspective

Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review

Implementation of High-Performance Blockchain Network Based on Cross-Chain Technology for IoT Applications

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