In order to make full use of high-speed railway (HSR) transportation capacity and facilitate the low-carbon development of transportation infrastructure, this paper examines the cargo carrying method in the context of transportation capacity sharing of HSR. With carbon trading incorporated into the profit of HSR express, a cargo carrying decision-making model with consideration of carbon trading is developed, considering constraints such as loading capacity of HSR and work ability of stations. Using genetic algorithm as the framework, a multi-loading rules genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model, considering the effect of cargo service types, origin-destination (OD) pairs, and loading priority of HSR trains. The numerical case of Xi'an-Chengdu HSR line is implemented to validate the proposed model by Gurobi solver, and the performance of different algorithm is compared. The results show that the three loading rules proposed are reasonable and the multi-loading rule genetic algorithm outperforms them. From the sensitivity analysis, it was determined that enhancing station work ability and considering train transfer can increase total profit.