A deep protozoan maximum in the Gulf of Maine

Townsend, D. W.; Cammen, LM

doi:10.3354/meps024177

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…11). This is consistent with observations made in southern California (Beers & Stewart 1970, in the northern Adriatic Sea (Revelante & Gilmartin 1983), and in the Gulf of Maine (Townsend & Cammen 1985), where high concentrations of microzooplankton were found in association with high concentrations of phytoplankton. A correlation coefficient matrix showed significant positive correlations between concentrations of naked oligotrichs and phytoflagellates (Table 4).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Abundance and Distributionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Quantitative distribution of microzooplankton off Westland, New Zealand

Chang¹

1990

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Off Westland in February 1982, ciliated protozoans were numerically most abundant and accounted for >95% of the microzooplankton assemblage. Naked oligotrichs dominated these ciliated protozoans, particularly in offshore waters, where phytoflagellates were most abundant. Tinlinnids were relatively more abundant inshore. Stenosomella nivalis, a tintinnid with silica-encrusted bowl, dominated an upwelling station close to Wanganui Bluff.

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Section: Factors Affecting Abundance and Distributionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Quantitative distribution of microzooplankton off Westland, New Zealand

Chang¹

1990

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…For example, nanoflagellates in deep waters were more abundant (50-70% higher carbon) than surface assemblage and were dominated by populations of Pnano (Rhodomonas minuta, Cryptomonas species), Pmicro (e.g., Gymnodinium helveticum) and Hmicro (namely Codonella cratera and Tintinnidium fluviatile). Studies from other systems also demonstrate a close association of heterotrophs with phototrophs in DCL (Townsend & Cammen, 1985;Venrick, 1988). A study by Laybourn-Parry & Rogerson (1993) identified a similar subsurface heterotrophic consortium from Lake Windermere, England also similar to that described herein, where they postulated the microheterotrophs merely sank into deep waters along with spring algal blooms that fueled the DCL.…”

Section: Distribution Of Protozoa In Lake Michigansupporting

confidence: 51%

An Under-appreciated Component of Biodiversity in Plankton Communities: The Role of Protozoa in Lake Michigan (A Case Study)

Carrick

2005

Hydrobiologia

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Recent technological advances have led to the discovery that free-living, planktonic protozoa are ubiquitous in nature and appear to be important components of pelagic food webs (e.g., fluorescent straining, flow cytometry). Despite this, limited information exists tying their seasonality to rate processes that drive succession patterns. The abundance, and seasonal growth and grazing loss of an entire protozoan assemblage were evaluated in Lake Michigan. The protozoan assemblage was species-rich (100 taxa) and abundant throughout the year in Lake Michigan. Nano-sized protozoa (Hnano and Pnano, <20 lm in size) ranged in abundance from 10 2 to 10 3 cells ml )1 , while micro-protozoa (Hmicro and Pmico, >20 and <200 lm in size) ranged in abundance from 4 to 17 cells ml )1 . The biomass of Hnano and Hmicro by itself represented more than 70-80% of crustacean zooplankton biomass, while Pnano and Pmicro constituted nearly 50% of phytoplankton biomass. Protozoa exhibited growth rates comparable to other components of the plankton in Lake Michigan, and some populations grew at rates similar to maximum rates determined in the laboratory (rates of 1-2 day )1 ). Overall, it appears that macro-zooplankton predation is a major loss factor counterbalancing growth with only small differences between the two rate processes (<0.1 day )1 ). Discrepancies between growth and grazing loss in the spring were likely attributed to sedimentation losses for larger species of tintinnids and dinoflagellates (Codonella, Tintinnidium, and Gymnodinium) that can account for their occurrence in the deep chlorophyll layer. In the summer, carnivory among similar sized species (Chromulina and small ciliates) may be additional loss factors impinging on the protozoan assemblage.

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“…1989). Within the COM, the abundance of passive and active suspensionfeeding invertebrates at a depth of 30-45 m coincides with the occurrence of a particulate maximum layer (PML) (Witman and Sebens, 1988;Townsend and Cammen, 1985). and includes a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (Townsend el al., 1984;Morrison and Townsend, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Flow and Seston Availability on Scope for Growth of Benthic Suspension-Feeding Invertebrates from the Gulf of Maine

Lesser

Witman

Sebnens

1994

The Biological Bulletin

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Metridium senile, the frilled sea anemone, and Modiolus modiolus, the northern horse mussel, are important members of benthic suspension-feeding assemblages at several rocky hard-bottom subtidal (30-35 m) sites in the Gulf of Maine. Measurements of food availability, rates of food capture, absorption efficiencies, and standard metabolic costs show that inshore populations of Metridium senile have a significantly lower scope for growth than offshore populations, despite higher mean concentrations of particulate organic matter inshore. Similar measurements and calculations for Modiolus modiolus reveal the opposite pattern. These differences persisted at both of these sites during two summers, 1989 and 1990, when differences in mean temperature were not physiologically significant. Thus temperature is precluded as the primary effect on metabolism and growth. We suggest that these physiological differences reflect a response to flow regime and food availability that appears to be manifested differently for Metridium senile and for Modiolus modiolus, a passive and an active suspension feeder, respectively. Results from a reciprocal transplant experiment, to measure growth rates, carried out over a one-year period support the calculated scope for growth during the season when maximum growth rates would be expected. The flux of seston appears to be an important factor affecting the organismal performance of the passive suspension feeder (M. senile), whereas the concentration of seston is more important for the active suspension feeder (M. modiolus).

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A deep protozoan maximum in the Gulf of Maine

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Quantitative distribution of microzooplankton off Westland, New Zealand

Quantitative distribution of microzooplankton off Westland, New Zealand

An Under-appreciated Component of Biodiversity in Plankton Communities: The Role of Protozoa in Lake Michigan (A Case Study)

Effects of Flow and Seston Availability on Scope for Growth of Benthic Suspension-Feeding Invertebrates from the Gulf of Maine

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