A deep-red fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for discrimination of HSA from BSA and tracking HSA by bioimaging

A novel FA1-targeting fluorescent probe for specific discrimination and identification of human serum albumin from bovine serum albumin

“…However, in reality, BSA and HSA have only 75.8% structural similarity, so BSA cannot replace HSA in many applications. 11,12 Therefore, the misuse of the two proteins may cause fatal harm to patients. Therefore, distinguishing HSA from BSA is crucial but also challenging.…”

“…For the few reported probes that can distinguish HSA from BSA, they mainly rely on the difference in the intensity of their interaction with the two serum proteins to induce differences in fluorescence signal intensity for differentiation. 12,22 However, this differentiation method has obvious drawbacks, such as in samples with unknown concentrations (where the concentration of weakly interacting proteins is relatively high), the difference in fluorescence signals will disappear, which is not conducive to the selective detection of HSA. In addition, the fluorescence changes induced by both serum proteins in mixed samples make quantitative detection of HSA difficult.…”

Anti-cancer drug axitinib: a unique tautomerism-induced dual-emissive probe for protein analysis

“…7–25 However, most reported probes enable HSA detection based on changes in a single emission peak, which can be easily influenced by variations in analyte-independent factors, such as excitation source, photobleaching, and probe concentration. 26–28 Alternatively, a ratiometric fluorescent probe can provide a response signal dependent on the ratio of two emissions, rather than relying solely on a single emission. The internal reference system enables the probe to minimize the external interference, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.…”