A Delay-Aware and Reliable Data Aggregation for Cyber-Physical Sensing

Abstract

Physical information sensed by various sensors in a cyber-physical system should be collected for further operation. In many applications, data aggregation should take reliability and delay into consideration. To address these problems, a novel Tiered Structure Routing-based Delay-Aware and Reliable Data Aggregation scheme named TSR-DARDA for spherical physical objects is proposed. By dividing the spherical network constructed by dispersed sensor nodes into circular tiers with specifically designed widths and cells, TSTR-DARDA tries to enable as many nodes as possible to transmit data simultaneously. In order to ensure transmission reliability, lost packets are retransmitted. Moreover, to minimize the latency while maintaining reliability for data collection, in-network aggregation and broadcast techniques are adopted to deal with the transmission between data collecting nodes in the outer layer and their parent data collecting nodes in the inner layer. Thus, the optimization problem is transformed to minimize the delay under reliability constraints by controlling the system parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we have conducted extensive theoretical analysis and comparisons to evaluate the performance of TSR-DARDA. The analysis and simulations show that TSR-DARDA leads to lower delay with reliability satisfaction.

A fuzzy-rule-based packet reproduction routing for sensor networks

“…Many of the existing research on data gathering integrate network delay and reliability, 3,14,18,25,26 or integrate network lifetime and delay, 8,16,17 or network lifetime and reliability. 19,20,22 For example, in order to improve transmission reliability and reduce transmission delay, PR scheme appeared, in which the packet loss is recovered by the in-middle recovery.…”

An Energy-Aware Hybrid ARQ Scheme with Multi-ACKs for Data Sensing Wireless Sensor Networks

“…There are a great deal of research work on WSNs, including reducing end-to-end delay [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], improving energy efficiency and transmission reliability [ 4 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], and other aspects [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 25 ]. Focusing on the transmission characteristics of WSN, the research on energy-efficient and reliable data transmission theory and application technology is of great significance [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Topology Control and Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in Cyber‐Physical System

“…Sahoo et al studied the application of Kalman filtering under measurement loss using the Bernoulli process and proposed a threshold condition for the packet loss probability for the optimal estimation and gave a threshold function [20]. e condition for studying the control or packet loss probability is that the control system can tolerate and still maintain the reliability of the system [21]. e Bernoulli model is commonly used to model packet loss in control systems, and Bernoulli has been widely studied in recent years due to its generality and ease of handling [22].…”