A delayed HIV infection model with apoptosis and viral loss

Abstract

In this paper, a delayed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) model with apoptosis of cells has been studied. Both immunological and intracellular delay have been incorporated to make the model more relevant. Firstly, the model has been investigated using local stability analysis. Next, the global stability analysis of steady states has been performed. The stability switch criteria taking the delay as the bifurcating parameter, leading to Hopf bifurcation has been studied. The transition of the system from order to chaos has been explored, and the analytical results have been verified by numerical simulations. The results thus can be used to describe the extensive dynamics exhibited by the model introduced in this article. The effects of apoptosis on viral load has been studied in the model numerically.

Hopf bifurcation analysis of nonlinear HIV infection model and the effect of delayed immune response with drug therapies

“…The mathematical study is needed for an integrated view of the dynamics of viruses for delayed models [19][20][21]. Several models have been suggested with a time lag in triggering the immune reaction when the body is infected with the virus, which is called immunological delay [22][23][24].…”