A demonstration of increased exclusive breastfeeding in Chile

Burkhalter, Barton R.; P, Marín

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(91)90604-4

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Based on an average OTA milk level of 106 ng/L, and assuming a milk consumption of 200 and 300 mL on the 4th and 6th day, the average exposure of newborns still amounts to 6.4 and 9.6 ng/kg bw, respectively. As discussed below in more detail, the potential risks related to such OTA exposure of infants have to be balanced against the well-known benefits of breast-feeding (Burkhalter and Marin 1991;Jansen et al 2008). …”

Section: Calculated Ota Intake For Newborns and Infants With Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure of neonates to ochratoxin A: first biomonitoring results in human milk (colostrum) from Chile

et al. 2010

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The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) and its metabolite ochratoxin alpha (OTα) were determined in milk and blood from nine lactating women who provided samples soon after delivery at a hospital in southern Chile. The analytical method applied liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform, and in the case of blood, an extra purification with solid phase extraction prior to HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection. OTA was detected in all human milk samples, with an average concentration of 106 ± 45 ng/L (range 44-184 ng/L). Levels of OTα were 40 ± 30 ng/L (LOQ 40 ng/L), but increased considerably upon enzymatic hydrolysis with ß-glucuronidase/sulfatase (up to 840 ± 256 ng/L) in human milk. By contrast, there was no evidence for conjugates of OTA. The data on OTA in breast milk and levels reported in blood from women in Chile are indicative of an efficient lactational transfer of the mycotoxin. Infant exposure to OTA was estimated by considering their daily OTA intake with human milk at early stages of nursing. For the majority of milk samples, the calculated OTA intake of infants exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 5 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day proposed by the Nordic Expert Group, and infant exposure approached the provisional tolerable doses of 14-16 ng/kg bw/day suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA) and by EFSA for adults. The present study documents and confirms the presence of OTA in human milk at levels where the TDI can be exceeded. These results point out the need to continue food and biological monitoring and to develop strategies, e.g. dietary recommendations to pregnant and lactating women, aimed to reduce OTA exposure in early periods of life.

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Section: Calculated Ota Intake For Newborns and Infants With Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure of neonates to ochratoxin A: first biomonitoring results in human milk (colostrum) from Chile

et al. 2010

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“…Reviewing the published literature on programs promoting breastfeeding among pregnant women, there is evidence of an increase in duration [21][22][23] and of an increased incidence of breastfeeding, 24,25 but other authors describe the inefficiency of these programs. 26,27 In view of the contradictory theories, one hypothesis can be made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of newborn healthcare among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding

Issler

2001

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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CONTEXT: Promotional and educational programs relating to breastfeeding are important for reversing the decline in this practice. Most programs are centered exclusively on breastfeeding, although general knowledge about newborn healthcare may be important, especially among pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: To study pregnant women's knowledge about general healthcare of newborns, including breastfeeding aspects. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Prof. Samuel Barnsley Pessoa Health School Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: All pregnant women who were registered in the prenatal care program during six consecutive months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Aspects of the current gestation, previous gestations and childbirths, knowledge of the general aspects of newborn healthcare and of breastfeeding practices. RESULTS: The results show that only a little over half of the pregnant women had received any information on newborn healthcare. Misinformation was clearly present regarding proper care of the umbilical stump and the nature of jaundice, and worst regarding how to treat oral thrush and jaundice, and about vaccination. In relation to breastfeeding, even though almost all the pregnant women declared their intention to breastfeed, less than half had a concrete response regarding how long to do it for. The low rates obtained in the topics dealing with the duration, nursing intervals and the attitude to be taken towards hypogalactia show unfamiliarity with the breastfeeding technique. The "weak milk" belief, the misinformation about contraceptive methods during breastfeeding and the cost of artificial formulas also have a negative impact on this practice. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women's knowledge of newborn healthcare is low, as much in the aspects of general care as in relation to the practice of breastfeeding. These findings must be taken into consideration in educative programs promoting breastfeeding.

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“…Three issues are relevant here: (i) LAM does not demand exclusive breastfeeding; (ii) with sufficient support, women can exclusively breasffeed; and (iii) women who rely on breastfeeding for their contraception are more likely to change to exclusive breastfeeding [27,28]. LAM allows for some supplementation, but more importantly, when women are informed of the importance of close to full breastfeeding for contraceptive efficacy, they do improve their breastfeeding patterns.…”

Section: 'Our Women Cannot Use Lam; They Don't Exclusively Breastfeed'mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM): A postpartum introductory family planning method with policy and program implications

et al. 1994

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It is well accepted that breastfeeding contributes significantly to child survival and child nutrition. Healthful child spacing is associated with improved birth outcomes and maternal recovery. On a population basis, breastfeeding may contribute more to birth spacing than all family planning use combined in many countries. However, while breastfeeding does provide a period of infertility, until recently, there was no reliable way for an individual woman to capitalize on this lactational infertility for her own efficacious child spacing. The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is a new introductory family planning method that simultaneously promotes child spacing and breastfeeding, with its optimal nutrition and disease preventive benefits for the infant. LAM, as it is called, is based on the utilization of lactational infertility for protection from pregnancy and indicates the time for the introduction of a complementary family planning method. LAM is recommended for up to six months postpartum for women who are fully or nearly fully breastfeeding and amenorrheic, and relies on the maintenance of appropriate breastfeeding practices to prolong lactational infertility, with the concomitant delay in menses return. A recent clinical trial confirmed the theoretical 98% or higher effectiveness of the method and field trials are demonstrating its acceptability. Nonetheless, some demographers and family planning organizations continue to debate its value. The development, efficacy, and sequelae of the method are presented using data from several studies by the authors.

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A demonstration of increased exclusive breastfeeding in Chile

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Exposure of neonates to ochratoxin A: first biomonitoring results in human milk (colostrum) from Chile

Exposure of neonates to ochratoxin A: first biomonitoring results in human milk (colostrum) from Chile

Knowledge of newborn healthcare among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding

The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM): A postpartum introductory family planning method with policy and program implications

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