A depositional model for organic-rich Duvernay Formation mudstones

Knapp, Levi J.; McMillan, Julia M.; Harris, Nicholas B.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.11.012

Cited by 74 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The Duvernay Formation, which is largely composed of organic‐rich mudstone in an overpressured regime, was deposited in a marine basin environment (Fox & Soltanzadeh, 2015). Compared with the West Shale Basin where extensive shale deposition occurred, the carbonate platform beneath the East Shale Basin resulted in a higher overall carbonate concentration (Knapp et al, 2017; Preston et al, 2016; Switzer et al, 1994).…”

Section: Regional Setting and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Fault Reactivation and Secondary Triggering in the March 2019 Red Deer Induced Earthquake Swarm

Wang

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Using data from nodal geophones and broadband seismometers, this study investigates the seismicity near Red Deer, Alberta, a region with increasing cases of hydraulic fracturing (HF)-induced earthquakes. A cluster of 417 events was detected, and their spatial distribution and focal mechanisms reveal a NE trending rupture area with two strike-slip fault planes. Reactivation of preexisting faults by pore pressure diffusion is likely responsible for the occurrence of the earthquake sequence following the M L 4.18 mainshock. The temporal sequence of reactivated fault orientations suggests apparent changes in the local stress field following the mainshock, which is also responsible for a remotely triggered cluster observed 1 month after the mainshock. This secondary triggering process enhances our understanding of the trailing effect of HF-induced seismicity. Plain Language Summary Since 2018, the Red Deer region in Alberta, Canada, has experienced an increasing number of earthquakes, most of which are associated with nearby hydraulic fracturing operations. In this study, we analyze data from a dense array of seismic sensors and regional seismometers to detect and locate events surrounding a hydraulic fracturing site near Red Deer from 4 March to 10 April 2019. The spatial distribution of the earthquakes defines a complex fault system that was activated at two different times. The results in this study signify stress changes in the shallow crust in connection with the 4.18 magnitude earthquake on 4 March 2019. Modifications to the regional stress regime are relatively long-lived, as suggested by the continued occurrences of smaller earthquakes 1 month after the mainshock.

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Section: Regional Setting and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Fault Reactivation and Secondary Triggering in the March 2019 Red Deer Induced Earthquake Swarm

Wang

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…turbidity currents, debris flows, transitional flows and mass‐wasting processes) may be responsible for the transport and deposition of mud in deep‐water environments (e.g. Schieber, ; Loucks & Ruppel, ; Trabucho‐Alexandre et al ., ; Konitzer et al ., ; Knapp et al ., ; Ayranci et al ., 2018a; Newport et al ., ). These findings have started to challenge the traditional view that suspension fallout is the dominant depositional process in deep‐water mudstones, with major implications for the estimation of depositional rates and the correct interpretation of times of clastic starvation in deep‐water environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Transport and deposition of mud in deep‐water environments: Processes and stratigraphic implications

et al. 2019

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Deep-water mudstones are often considered as background sediments, deposited by vertical suspension fallout, and the range of transport and depositional processes are poorly understood compared with their shallowmarine counterparts. This study presents a dataset from a 538Á50 m thick cored succession through the Permian muddy lower Ecca Group of the Tanqua depocentre (south-west Karoo Basin, South Africa). This study aims to characterize the range of mudstone facies, transport and depositional processes, and stacking patterns recorded in deep-water environments prior to deposition of the Tanqua Karoo sandy basin-floor fans. A combination of macroscopic and microscopic description techniques and ichnological analysis has defined nine sedimentary facies that stack in a repeated pattern to produce 2 to 26 m thick depositional units. The lower part of each unit is characterized by bedded mudstone deposited by dilute, low-density turbidity currents with evidence for hyperpycnal-flow processes and sediment remobilization. The upper part of each unit is dominated by more organic-rich bedded mudstone with common mudstone intraclasts, deposited by debris flows and transitional flows, with scarce indicators of suspension fallout. The intensity of bioturbation and burrow size increases upward through each depositional unit, consistent with a decrease in physicochemically stressed conditions, linked to a lower sediment accumulation rate. This vertical facies transition in the single well dataset can be interpreted to represent relative sea-level variations; the hyperpycnal stressed conditions in the lower part of the units were driven by relative sea-level fall, and the more bioturbated upper part of the units represent backstepping, related to relative sea-level rise. Alternatively, this facies transition may represent autogenic compensational stacking. The prevalence of sediment density flow deposits, even in positions distal or lateral to the sediment entry point, challenges the idea that deep-water mudstones are primarily the deposits of passive rainout along continental margins.

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“…On the basis of these newly developed technologies, many studies suggest that a wide range of processes (for example, turbidity currents, debris flows, transitional flows and pelagic suspension fallout) may be responsible for the transportation and deposition of sediments in deep‐water environments (e.g. Trabucho‐Alexandre et al ., 2012; Konitzer et al ., 2014; Knapp et al ., 2017; Ayranci et al ., 2018; Boulesteix et al ., 2019; Emmings et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology of the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale, Midland Basin: From gravity flows to pelagic suspension fallout

Peng

2020

Sedimentology

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Although deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary rocks comprise approximately two‐thirds of the stratigraphic record, the transportation and depositional processes are poorly understood compared with their shelf counterparts. This study reports the range of fine‐grained sedimentary rock lithofacies, transport, and depositional processes and cyclicities recorded in deep‐water deposits on the basis of three continuous cored wells from the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, USA, with the goal of elucidating general principles that can inform synthesis depositional models for deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary systems. A combination of sedimentological, petrographic and bulk geochemical analysis has defined seven lithofacies that stack in a repeated pattern to constitute ca 8 to 20 m thick composite cycle sets. The lower unit of each composite cycle set is characterized by basal siliciclastic‐rich lithofacies interpreted to record dilute, low‐density turbidity currents, potentially derived from hyperpycnal input which grade upward into carbonate‐rich lithofacies interpreted as debris‐flow deposits or pelagic suspension deposits. The upper unit of each composite cycle set is characterized by basal carbonate‐rich lithofacies interpreted as debris‐flow deposits or pelagic suspension deposits which grades upward into siliciclastic‐rich lithofacies interpreted to record dilute, low‐density turbidity currents, potentially derived from hyperpycnal input. The cyclicities recorded in the Cline Shale are believed to be controlled by high‐amplitude glacioeustatic sea‐level fluctuation (mean: ca 100 m). The siliciclastic‐rich lithofacies, potentially derived from hyperpycnal turbidity flows, were deposited during sea‐level lowstand, when siliciclastic sediment‐transport systems extended across the wide Eastern Shelf and deltas developed at the shelf margin. Carbonate‐rich lithofacies are interpreted to be deposited from debris flows or pelagic suspension fallout during sea‐level highstand when carbonate platforms were developed on the surrounding shelves. The prevalence of sediment density flow deposits, even in distal basin floor environments, challenges the conventional model that deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary rocks are dominantly background sedimentation.

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A depositional model for organic-rich Duvernay Formation mudstones

Cited by 74 publications

References 58 publications

Sequential Fault Reactivation and Secondary Triggering in the March 2019 Red Deer Induced Earthquake Swarm

Sequential Fault Reactivation and Secondary Triggering in the March 2019 Red Deer Induced Earthquake Swarm

Transport and deposition of mud in deep‐water environments: Processes and stratigraphic implications

Sedimentology of the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale, Midland Basin: From gravity flows to pelagic suspension fallout

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