A description of spermiogenesis in the mouse and its use in analysis of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and germ cell renewal

Oakberg, E.F.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000990303

Cited by 951 publications

(522 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Several different types of spermatogonia that can be recognized morphologically include the undifferentiated A single , A paired , and A aligned spermatogonia, the differentiating A 1-4 spermatogonia, the intermediate type I spermatogonia, and the type B spermatogonia that are committed to undergo meiosis (Oakberg 1956;de Rooij and Grootegoed 1998). The complex nature of spermatogenesis implies intricate gene regulation at both transcription and post-transcription levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spermatogenesis in the mouse is a coordinated process that can be divided into three phases: the mitotic proliferation of spermatogonia, the meiotic division of spermatocytes, and the metamorphic change of spermatids into mature spermatozoa (Oakberg 1956). Several different types of spermatogonia that can be recognized morphologically include the undifferentiated A single , A paired , and A aligned spermatogonia, the differentiating A 1-4 spermatogonia, the intermediate type I spermatogonia, and the type B spermatogonia that are committed to undergo meiosis (Oakberg 1956;de Rooij and Grootegoed 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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piRNA profiling during specific stages of mouse spermatogenesis

Gan

Lin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

RNA

111

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PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small RNAs abundantly expressed in animal gonads. piRNAs that map to retrotransposons are generated by a ''ping-pong'' amplification loop to suppress the activity of retrotransposons. However, the biogenesis and function of other categories of piRNAs have yet to be investigated. In this study, we first profiled the expression of small RNAs in type A spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, and round spermatids by deep sequencing. We then focused on the computational analysis of the potential piRNAs generated in the present study as well as other published sets. piRNAs mapping to retrotransposons, mRNAs, and intergenic regions had different length distributions and were differentially regulated in spermatogenesis. piRNA-generating mRNAs (PRMRs), whose expression positively correlated with their piRNA products, constituted one-third of the protein-coding genes and were evolutionarily conserved and enriched with splicing isoforms and antisense transcripts. PRMRs with piRNAs preferentially mapped to CDSs and 39 UTRs partitioned into three clusters differentially expressed during spermatogenesis and enriched with unique sets of functional annotation terms related to housekeeping activities as well as spermatogenesis-specific processes. Intergenic piRNAs were divided into 2992 clusters probably representing novel transcriptional units that have not been reported. The transcripts of a large number of genes involved in spermatogenesis are the precursors of piRNAs, and these genes are intricately regulated by alternative splicing and antisense transcripts. piRNAs, whose regulatory role in gene expression awaits to be identified, are clearly products of a novel regulatory process that needs to be defined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNA profiling during specific stages of mouse spermatogenesis

Gan

Lin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

RNA

111

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show abstract

“…Spermatogenesis in mice is divided into 12 stages, and each stage is identified by unique groups of spermatogenic cells (Oakberg, 1956;Russell, 1990). By in situ hybridization, two classes of seminiferous tubules are observed.…”

Section: Hemgn Is Expressed In Round Spermatidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative promoters and polyadenylation regulate tissue‐specific expression of Hemogen isoforms during hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis

Yang

Heng

Wan

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

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Hemogen is a nuclear protein encoded by HEMGN (also known as hemogen in mouse, EDAG in human and RP59 in rat). It is considered to be a hematopoiesis-specific gene that is expressed during the ontogeny of hematopoiesis. Herein, we characterize two distinct splicing variants of HEMGN mRNA with restricted expression to hematopoietic cells and to round spermatids in the testis, respectively. Expression of the testis-specific HEMGN mRNA (HEMGN-t) is developmentally regulated and is concurrent with the first wave of meiosis in prepuberal mice. Sequence analysis reveals that HEMGN-t and the hematopoietic HEMGN mRNA (HEMGN-h) share a common coding sequence with distinct 5 and 3 untranslated regions and that these two isoforms are transcribed from the same gene locus, HEMGN, through the use of alternative promoters and polyadenylation sites. Thus, HEMGN expression exemplifies a developmental regulatory mechanism by which the diversification of gene expression is achieved through using distinct regulatory sequences in different cell types. Moreover, the existence of a testis-specific isoform of HEMGN suggests a role in spermatogenesis. Finally, fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrates that HEMGN is localized to chromosome 4 A5-B2 in mouse and to chromosome 9q22 in human, which is a region known to harbor a cluster of leukemia breakpoints. Developmental Dynamics 228:606 -616, 2003.

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“…On the other hand, spermatogenesis can be also considered a process that serves to condense euchromatin to a completely packed heterochromatin in step-by-step germ cell differentiation (Koji & Hishikawa 2003). During spermatogenesis, germ cell death is very common; indeed, 25-75% of the expected sperm yield is thought to be lost (Oakberg 1956;Huckins 1978;Johnson et al 1983). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ detection of methylated DNA by histo endonuclease-linked detection of methylated DNA sites: a new principle of analysis of DNA methylation

Koji

Kondo

Hishikawa

et al. 2008

Histochem Cell Biol

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For a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of cell differentiation, it is important to analyze DNA methylation at a specific site. Although previous studies described methylation of isolated DNA extracted from cells and tissues using a combination of appropriate restriction endonucleases, no application to tissue cell level has been reported. Here, we report a new method, named histo endonuclease-linked detection of methylation sites of DNA (HELMET), designed to detect methylation sites of DNA with a specific sequences in a tissue section. In this study, we examined changes in the methylation level of CCGG sites during spermatogenesis in paraffin-embedded sections of mouse testis. In principle, the 3'-OH ends of DNA strand breaks in a section were firstly labeled with a mixture of dideoxynucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), not to be further elongated by TdT. Then the section was digested with Hpa II, resulting in cutting the center portion of non-methylated CCGG. The cutting sites were labeled with biotin-16-dUTP by TdT. Next, the section was treated with Msp I, which can cut the CCGG sequence irrespective of the presence or absence of methylation of the second cytosine, and the cutting sites were labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP by TdT.Finally, both biotin and digoxigenin were visualized by enzyme-or fluorescence-immunohistochemistry. Using this method, we found hypermethylation of CCGG sites in most of the germ cells although non-methylated CCGG were colocalized in elongated spermatids. Interestingly, some TUNEL-positive germ cells, which are frequent in mammalian spermatogenesis, became markedly Hpa II-reactive, indicating that the CCGG sites may be demethylated during apoptosis. Koji T et al, Page 3

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A description of spermiogenesis in the mouse and its use in analysis of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and germ cell renewal

Cited by 951 publications

References 11 publications

piRNA profiling during specific stages of mouse spermatogenesis

piRNA profiling during specific stages of mouse spermatogenesis

Alternative promoters and polyadenylation regulate tissue‐specific expression of Hemogen isoforms during hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis

In situ detection of methylated DNA by histo endonuclease-linked detection of methylated DNA sites: a new principle of analysis of DNA methylation

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