A Description of the Possible Etiology of the Cilantro Yellow Blotch Disease

Abstract

A virus-like disease characterized by foliar yellow blotch symptoms and resembling those described for cilantro yellow blotch disease in California was observed in a 4.05-ha cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) cv. Santo field in Hidalgo County, Texas during spring 2019. Disease incidence at harvest was estimated at ∼20%, and the affected plants were rendered unmarketable. Foliar systemic chlorosis symptoms were observed on sap-inoculated Nicotiana occidentalis plants (n = 3) using inocula from symptomatic cilantro. Total RNA aliquots from 11 randomly collected leaf tissue samples (symptomatic = 7, asymptomatic = 4) were pooled into a composite cilantro RNA sample which was analyzed by high throughput sequencing (HTS). Analyses of the obtained 15.7 million raw reads (76 nt each) yielded virus-specific contigs that mapped to the genomes of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), beet pseudoyellows virus (BPYV), and lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV). Virus-specific primers designed from the HTS-derived sequences were used to screen the samples in two-step RT-PCR assays, resulting in the detection of AMV+BPYV in 3 of 7 symptomatic cilantro samples, AMV+LCV in 4 of 7 symptomatic cilantro samples, and AMV alone in the 4 asymptomatic cilantro and sap-inoculated N. occidentalis samples. The results represent the first reports of the natural infection of cilantro by BPYV and LCV and implicate the mixed infection of a Crinivirus and AMV in cilantro yellow blotch disease.

Old and New Aphid-Borne Viruses in Coriander in Chile: An Epidemiological Approach

“…Regarding the identification of multiple viruses in a single sample of a coriander plant, it is worth mentioning that multiple virus infections have been previously reported in coriander plants, so this phenomenon would not be an isolated case, although it is surprising due to the high number of viruses simultaneously identified in a single plant (seven viruses). In previous reports, such as [ 13 ], the authors detected the co-infection of the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV) or the beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV) in coriander plants. This finding, together with what was observed in this study, suggested that the number of viruses capable of infecting (or co-infecting) coriander and/or our ability to detect and identify them is increasing thanks to advanced HTS techniques.…”

“…Viruses greatly affect the yield and quality of their hosts, shortening their productive lifespan, and making them more susceptible to other infectious agents [7]. Several insectborne viruses have been detected in coriander plants worldwide, such as the coriander feathery red-vein virus (CFRVV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), celery mosaic virus (CeMV), apium virus Y (ApVY), carrot virus Y (CaV-Y), carrot red leaf virus (CaRLV), and carrot mottle virus (CaMoV) transmitted by aphids [8][9][10][11]; the groundnut ringspot virus transmitted by thrips [12]; and the lettuce chlorosis virus and beet pseudo-yellows virus transmitted by whiteflies [13]. Of these, only the AMV and CeMV have been reported in Chile in other crops [5].…”

Virus diseases of Apiaceae

“…Etiologija virusnog oboljenje štitonoša pod imenom žuta mrljavost korijandera (Cilantro yellow blotch) dugo je bilo nerasvetljeno i tek nedavno (Alabi et al, 2020) je dokazano u nekim zaraženim biljkama prisustvo kompleksne infekcije AMV i virusa hloroze salate (Lettuce chlorosis virus, LCV), dok je u drugima dokazana kompleksna infekcija AMV i virusa žutice šećerne repe (Beet pseudoyellows virus, BPYV) ukazujući da je u sindrom žuta mrljavost korijandera, pored AMV, uključen i jedan od dva navedena Crinivirus-a.…”

Enhanced Apiaceous Potyvirus Phylogeny, Novel Viruses, and New Country and Host Records from Sequencing Apiaceae Samples

“…For example, the report of a nanovirus (parsley severe stunt associated virus) in parsley from Germany [ 37 ] was complicated by the presence of multiple alpha satellites that make it difficult to make any aetiological conclusions. Similarly, initial investigations into cilantro yellow blotch disease in the USA suggested that AlMV, beet pseudoyellows virus (BPYV; Genus Crinivirus ) and lettuce chlorosis virus (LeCV; Genus Crinivirus ) were involved in single or mixed infections, but they were inconclusive [ 38 ].…”