A Design of a Time Synchronization Protocol Based on Dynamic Route and Forwarding Certification

Zhang, Dejing; Yuan, Yuan; Bi, Yanqing

doi:10.3390/s20185061

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From figure 2 it is clear that the ordinary sensor node sends the first beacon message at time T(1,1) to the sensor node which is within the communication range of the sensor node and this massage is received by the sensor node at Time T (2,1), after this, ordinary sensor node sends back the acknowledgment message to the node sensor node at time T(3, 1) which is received at T (4,1). Also, node j receives the beacon message from the node ordinary node at time T (5,1) and sends back an acknowledgment message to the ordinary node at time T (6,1) which is received by node j at time T (7,1). Furthermore, node j will get the beacon message from the anchor node j-1 at time T(8, 1) which was actually sent by node j, and as a reply, node anchor node give the acknowledgment message at time T(9, 1) which is received by j at time T (10,1).…”

Section: Synchronization In Multi-hop Uwsnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indoor localization in hospitals by using an angle of arrival (AOA) has been performed by [4]. A time synchronization algorithm based on dynamic routing and forwarding certification (DRFC-TSP) is given by [5] also, energy-aware MAC protocol in a WSN is given by [6]. But maintaining the energy in a multi-hop environment is always been a major challenge for researchers in both WSNs and UWSNs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint Algorithm for Multi-Hop Localization and Time Synchronization in Underwater Sensors Networks Using Single Anchor

et al. 2021

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In this study, an effort to synchronize and localize the underwater sensors simultaneously in a multi-hop environment is considered. Underwater Sensor Networks" (UWSNs) has limited range and connectivity due to propagation delay and limited bandwidth. By using a multi-hop environment, we can extend the range and enhancing the network connectivity for providing more accurate localization and synchronization technique. We have established a connection between sensors point to point directed links and then analytically construct the model for the synchronization as a function of range, delay, and timestamps. Secondly, we have formulated the unconstrained optimization problem for localization by using a gradient technique. The proposed research scheme first synchronizes and then localizes the unknown nodes with known depth by using the single anchor node in a multi-hop scenario. According to the literature survey, this joint effort has never been addressed before; both localization and time synchronization for multi-hop scenarios are addressed separately. The proposed algorithm will also calculate the propagation delay that will be generated during message propagation for both localization and time synchronization. The numerical results are compared with some well-known techniques in terms of the number of nodes, localization error, synchronization error, total processing time up to four hops. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms in terms of localization and synchronization accuracy, but since this work has never been done before therefore, we compare our results with the techniques that had separately address this problem having some constraints.

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Section: Synchronization In Multi-hop Uwsnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Algorithm for Multi-Hop Localization and Time Synchronization in Underwater Sensors Networks Using Single Anchor

et al. 2021

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“…It states that the process of voting followed by 2 phase and 3 phase commit provides superior measure on the air reducing the chaos. "Reverse time synchronization" protocol has been discussed in [14]. The approach chooses appropriate normal node without offset compensation are elected as cluster heads.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work relies on switching to single hop communication when consensus is achieved where route determination is not done. The discussion of accumulation of synchronization errors to reduce clock skew is stated with optimal reference time across hops [14]. However ranking the nodes with hops and reinitiating the monitoring process leads to increase in overhead.…”

Section: Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus based Data Transfer in Wireless Sensor Network for Reliability Interpretation

Jaichandran¹,

ShyamalaBharathi²,

Rani³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computing, Communication and Control System, I3CAC 2021, 7-8 June 2021, Bh

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Resilience of a network varies in an adaptive manner and consensus has to be reached involving the resources available. The internal consistency is a governing factor which is taken using Coefficient Alpha value as series of composite values across each path from source sensor to the sink. The deviations below the threshold limit indicate the path is not appropriate and source sensor has to isolate the interconnected sensor by proper scheduling.Thus the steady state stability to associate with scalability and link metrics is proposed in this work. Simulation platform has been used to validate the performance of flow level analysis across convergence time using Network Simulator-2.

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“…This may reduce the average distance between the mobile node and the anchors and enable use of sensor fusion techniques that achieve increased accuracy and range by combining the information acquired by several noisy measurements. Thus, in recent research activities, different approaches to synchronizing the time in low-power wireless sensor networks have been studied [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. It is worth noting that BLE systems are low-power, but most of the available BLE positioning solutions are based on RSS measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Bluetooth Low Energy Technology to Perform ToF-Based Positioning

et al. 2021

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Many distributed systems that perform indoor positioning are often based on ultrasound signals and time domain measurements exchanged between low-cost ultrasound transceivers. Synchronization between transmitters and receivers is usually needed. In this paper, the use of BLE technology to achieve time synchronization by wirelessly triggered ultrasound transceivers is analyzed. Building on a previous work, the proposed solution uses BLE technology as communication infrastructure and achieves a level of synchronization compatible with Time of Flight (ToF)-based distance estimations and positioning. The proposed solution was validated experimentally. First, a measurement campaign of the time-synchronization delay for the adopted embedded platforms was carried out. Then, ToF-based distance estimations and positioning were performed. The results show that an accurate and low-cost ToF-based positioning system is achievable, using ultrasound transmissions and triggered by BLE RF transmissions.

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A Design of a Time Synchronization Protocol Based on Dynamic Route and Forwarding Certification

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Joint Algorithm for Multi-Hop Localization and Time Synchronization in Underwater Sensors Networks Using Single Anchor

Joint Algorithm for Multi-Hop Localization and Time Synchronization in Underwater Sensors Networks Using Single Anchor

Consensus based Data Transfer in Wireless Sensor Network for Reliability Interpretation

Using Bluetooth Low Energy Technology to Perform ToF-Based Positioning

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