A design tool for resource-efficient fabrication of 3d-graded structural building components using additive manufacturing

Craveiro, Flávio; Bártolo, Helena; Gale, Andrew W; Duarte, José Pinto; Bártolo, P.

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2017.05.006

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moving to civil application, [27] designs a tool to design Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) for buildings using cement based aggregates for repairing applications. Thanks to a combination of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and CAD voxelization, this tool is useful to select the best material to apply to a local region of a building, using the available material database to create an optimized structure.…”

Section: Engineering Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrete toolpath of local regions are then combined to obtain a continuous one, thus avoiding singularities and intersections using a combinatoric algorithm. In [27], the proposed algorithm, once FEM analysis results are known, is capable of deciding the position of a concrete material composition available on a predesigned library, in the regions of higher stresses compared to others, creating an optimized structure. Finally, [17] describes a methodology to design optimized lattice tessellated structures.…”

Section: Am Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples of engineering applications outside the high-level industrial sector are described in [33,27]. The first one discusses the characterization of an assembler system for glass fiber and resin macro lattice unit cells.…”

Section: Am Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the last software platform under analysis is Grasshopper (GH), a graphical algorithm editor tightly integrated with Rhino's 3D modelling tools (source: https://www.grasshopper3d.com/). GH is used in [23] to develop an add-on in order to implement the proposed simulation scheme A similar approach has been followed in [27], where GH is also used to design in a parametric Fig. 15.…”

Section: Software Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of voxelization method in additive manufacturing

Bacciaglia

Ceruti

Liverani

2019

Mechanics & Industry

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming an important alternative to traditional processes. AM technology shows several advantages in literature, and its use increases in aerospace, automotive and biomedicine. Time reduction in design-to-manufacturing cycle, customization, capability to generate complex shapes in one piece and ability to imitate low-weight bio-inspired shapes are the strength of designs based on AM. Due to its potentials, major progresses were done in AM, thanks to technology evolution and increased computational power. With regard to AM, voxelization can be defined as part’s discretization in hexahedral elements, as done with pixels in 2D image. Voxels are used to speed-up geometry and algebraic manipulation thanks to their inherent advantages. This paper analyses advantages and criticalities of AM and voxel manipulation through a systematic literature review methodology. The analyses are based upon the filtering of a huge amount of publications available in literature up to obtaining the most significant 25 studies published in the last 5 years. The study’s main result is the technology gap’s identification, i.e. where AM and voxelization still need improvements, thus providing the reader with suggestions about possible further studies. Computer elaboration power and voxel discretization algorithms are suggested being key issues in AM’s further development.

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Section: Engineering Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Am Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Am Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Software Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of voxelization method in additive manufacturing

Bacciaglia

Ceruti

Liverani

2019

Mechanics & Industry

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“…The results indicate that mold cores made from additive manufacturing show better environmental performance compared to those made from traditional manufacturing on a small production scale. Craveiro, Bartolo, Gale, Duarte, and Bartolo () and Hager et al. () studied several examples of 3D printing buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of 3D printing geo‐polymer concrete: An ex‐ante study

Yao

Maio

et al. 2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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Three‐dimensional (3D) printing and geo‐polymers are two environmentally oriented innovations in concrete manufacturing. The 3D printing of concrete components aims to reduce raw material consumption and waste generation. Geo‐polymer is being developed to replace ordinary Portland cement and reduce the carbon footprint of the binder in the concrete. The environmental performance of the combined use of the two innovations is evaluated through an ex‐ante life cycle assessment (LCA). First, an attributional LCA was implemented, using data collected from the manufacturer to identify the hotspots for environmental improvements. Then, scaled‐up scenarios were built in collaboration with the company stakeholder. These scenarios were compared with the existing production system to understand the potential advantages/disadvantages of the innovative system and to identify the potential directions for improvement. The results indicate that 3D printing can potentially lead to waste reduction. However, depending on its recipe, geo‐polymer likely has higher environmental impacts than ordinary concrete. The ex‐ante LCA suggests that after step‐by‐step improvements in the production and transportation of raw materials, 3D printing geo‐polymer concrete is able to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete components, while it does still perform worse on impact categories, such as depletion of abiotic resources and stratospheric ozone depletion. We found that the most effective way to lower the environmental impacts of 3D concrete is to reduce silicate in the recipe of the geo‐polymer. This approach is, however, challenging to realize by the company due to the locked‐in effect of the previous innovation investment. The case study shows that to support technological innovation ex‐ante LCA has to be implemented as early as possible in innovation to allow for maintaining technical flexibility and improving on the identified hotspots.

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Exploring engineering properties of sustainable multi‐grade concrete: Materials, structural, and environmental aspects

Iqbal,

Irfan‐ul‐Hassan,

Siddiqui

et al. 2024

Structural Concrete

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Through experimental and theoretical studies, this research explores the materials, structural, and environmental aspects of multi‐grade concrete (MGC), a potentially sustainable structural concrete. The experimental part investigates the compressive, split cylinder, flexural, and shear strengths of MGC, essential parameters for the design of structural members composed of MGC. It also provides the relationships between various strengths. The compressive behavior is correlated with the cracking pattern and the confinement effect caused by the end platens. The theoretical study involves determining the carbon emissions (CEs) and modifying ASTM/ACI expressions for the flexural tensile strength (FTS) and shear capacity applicable to MGC. Three uni‐grade concretes (UGCs) with distinct materials, properties, and grades: grade 17 (G17), grade 25 (G25), and grade 30 (G30), were poured in layers of varied thicknesses to make two variants of MGC. Experimental investigations showed that the higher‐strength concrete (HSC) confined the lower‐strength concrete (LSC) part thus increasing the compressive strength. Replacing 50% of LSC with HSC led to an increase in compressive and shear strengths by 21% and 40%, respectively. The shear strength values of reinforced MGC beams observed experimentally are aligned with those obtained through the modified expressions developed by the authors. A trade‐off analysis among the strengths, CEs, and costs of UGC and MGC can aid in selecting MGC customized to specific requirements, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable structural concrete.

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A design tool for resource-efficient fabrication of 3d-graded structural building components using additive manufacturing

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

A systematic review of voxelization method in additive manufacturing

A systematic review of voxelization method in additive manufacturing

Life cycle assessment of 3D printing geo‐polymer concrete: An ex‐ante study

Exploring engineering properties of sustainable multi‐grade concrete: Materials, structural, and environmental aspects

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