A Detailed Analysis of the Quantum Relativistic Motion of an Electron

Light, Gregory L.

doi:10.5539/apr.v5n1p7

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This paper extends our previous analysis of a free electron-wave (Light, 2013), where we showed its motion being that around two perpendicularly connected semi-circles by casting Pauli matrices in the Dirac equation in our proposed combined spacetime 4-manifold as …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…By providing all fermions and bosons with the geometrices of their wave motions, we have amplified the quark model for an explanation of the hundreds' varieties of nuclear particles, all via different superpositions of the electromagnetic fields in the cosmic black hole B contained in the wave universe M [2] (see Light, 2013, Equation (1.1)). To be sure, our mathematical framework permits non-quark particles by admitting additional angles between the two semi-circles mentioned above, such as 45 degrees, in which case, the electric charge 1 / 2   (cf.…”

Section: Summary Remarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Spinning Motions of All Fermions and Bosons as Implied by Pauli Matrices Containing Complex Conjugates in a Combined Spacetime Four-Manifold

Light¹

2013

APR

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By substituting z = a + bi and 1/z = a -bi for i and -i into one of Pauli matrices and then casting (x,y) = (0,a+bi) as (x,y,z) = (0,a,b) and (x,y) = (a-bi,0) as (x,y,z) = (a,-b,0) by the geometry of our previously formulated combined spacetime 4-manifold = {(t+ti,x+yi,y+zi,z+xi)}, this paper generalizes the Dirac equation for a free electron into an equation that gives the motion (t,x(t),y(t),z(t)) for any free fermion or boson to be a uniform circular flow around two semi-circles connected with each other by an angle equal to 0, 30, 60, 90, or 180 degrees depending on the electric charge possessed by the particle. Even purely algebraically, any fermion or boson must correspond to a number on the complex unit circle, since the Dirac equation admits a Pauli matrix of z with modulus equal to one but not necessarily equal to i and all energies in free space must satisfy this Dirac equation as derived from the universally true equation of "energy-squared minus pc-squared equal to rest-energy-squared."

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Summary Remarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spinning Motions of All Fermions and Bosons as Implied by Pauli Matrices Containing Complex Conjugates in a Combined Spacetime Four-Manifold

Light¹

2013

APR

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“…Since we have established the unique electromagnetic wave length λ * = 2.56 × 10 −35 meter at t [1] 0 = 0, we now proceed to show how photon-waves could create electron-waves. As this section depends greatly on our forthcoming paper [11], we will present our arguments in a series of remarks more verbally. [10], we showed that the motion of an electromagnetic wave A with energy E [3] (before Big Bang) had the following equation:…”

Section: Pair-creation Of Electron and Positronmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our forthcoming paper [11] we have shown that the electromagnetic wave associated with an electron spins along two semi-circles that are perpendicularly connected to each other by solving the Dirac equation for the two eigenvectors of the spin operator for a free electron. We found that Pauli matrices…”

Section: Remarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we note: (1) Schematically the diameter of (A ∪ B) intersected the diameter of (C ∪ D) as the plus sign +, which was broken into (a positron) and (an electron). (2) Λ B with the motion of T → E → B → S → T can be obtained by a change of frame from Λ A (see [11]); i.e., the two eigenvectors of the spin operator on the quantum position wave function ψ are of the nature "or" but not "and" (as in optical interference). This shows incidentally a drawback of the probability interpretation of waves; i.e., the superpositions of waves in some cases are "or" (as in our present situation when the electromagnetic waves are alternative representations from different spatial frames) and yet in other cases are "and."…”

Section: That Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the origin of the universe of matter and light in a combined four-manifold of particle-waves

Light¹

2013

astp

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This paper shows comprehensively how electromagnetic waves from Maxwell equations in a free spacetime M[2] could, by its extraordinarily large gravitational constant G[2], engender a cosmic black hole B and its center of spacetime singularity could open up a "combined spacetime 4-manifold M[3] = M[1] x B" containing particle-waves of energy E[3] = E[1] + E[2]. The work here collects our previously derived results and extend them to new findings, principally the pair creation of electronwave and positron-wave by four photon-waves at Big Bang.

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The Standard Model in the framework of the combined spacetime 4-manifold of particles and waves-a heuristic introduction

Light¹

2013

astp

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This paper represents a culmination of our previous work. We started with the hypothesis of a pair of independent Einstein Field Equations responsible for two spacetime 4-manifolds M[1] and M[2], each with its own gravitational constant G[1] and G[2]. We combined M[1] and M[2] into M[3], with G[3] equal to the observed value. We then derived the values of G[1] and G[2]. We found that G[2] is so large that a cosmic black hole B could easily be formed in M[2] and the center of B by its infinite energy density opened up M[1], the Big Bang, transforming the hitherto pure electromagnetic waves contained in B of M[2] into particle-waves. By Feynman's analysis of the electromagnetic mass, we distributed energy E[3] = E[1] + E[2] = (3/4)E[3] + (1/4)E[3]. We cast Pauli matrices in M[3] and derived the motion of a free electron-wave via the Dirac equation to be a uniform circular motion around two perpendicular connected semicircles ; at their intersection virtual photons are emitted for electromagnetic interactions. We derived the unique wave length that was the diameter of M[1] at the Big Bang to be the Planck length and showed how the union of two spinning circles of electromagnetic wave energy within this wave length could be decomposed into a pair of electron-wave and positron-wave. In this paper we go one step further to show how the above decomposition at the Big Bang could also result in all the observed fermions and bosons with their associated antiparticles, thus essentially concluding our theory.

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A Detailed Analysis of the Quantum Relativistic Motion of an Electron

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

The Spinning Motions of All Fermions and Bosons as Implied by Pauli Matrices Containing Complex Conjugates in a Combined Spacetime Four-Manifold

The Spinning Motions of All Fermions and Bosons as Implied by Pauli Matrices Containing Complex Conjugates in a Combined Spacetime Four-Manifold

On the origin of the universe of matter and light in a combined four-manifold of particle-waves

The Standard Model in the framework of the combined spacetime 4-manifold of particles and waves-a heuristic introduction

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