Total Quality Management has seen a tremendous rise of popularity in the eighties and nineties. However, questions of effectiveness, utility and use of TQM arose among many people, practitioners as well as academics.In this paper, the lack of common interpretations when discussing TQM is emphasised, based on literature study. TQM should not be rejected as a whole if one or even if many applications fail. TQM should however be applied with considerable consideration of the specifics of the target organization, the purpose of the organization, and the purpose of applying TQM.2