In this study, a method for selection of the location and number of monitoring sensors in a building structure using artificial neural networks is proposed. The acceleration-history values obtained from the installed accelerometers are defined as the input values, and the mass and stiffness values of each story in a building structure are defined as the output values. To select the installation location and number of accelerometers, several installation scenarios are assumed, artificial neural networks are obtained, and the prediction performance is compared. The installation location and number of sensors are selected based on the prediction accuracy obtained in this study. The proposed method is verified by applying it to 6-and 10-story structure examples.