A developmental approach to the risk of a first recurrence in child protective services

Hélie, Sonia; Laurier, Catherine; Pineau-Villeneuve, Catherine; Royer, Marie-Noële

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.05.001

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Among the covariates, younger age was related to a higher risk of a maltreatment report that is compatible with other studies [ 6 , 9 , 15 , 41 ]. The other variables, such as economic status, complicated family structure, or family size, are not associated with outcome significantly in bivariate analyses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Numerous studies have identified risk factors for cause of child maltreatment at multiple levels applying ecological-transactional model [ 2 ]. At ontogenic level, parent factors include mental health [ 3 ] and substance abuse [ 4 , 5 ]; at microsystemic level, child factors include younger age [ 3 , 6 , 7 ], disability [ 8 ], and behavior problems [ 6 , 9 , 10 ] and family factors include being from a single-parent or step-parent family [ 3 , 6 , 7 ], experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and conflict [ 5 , 8 , 11 ]; at exosystemic level, community factors include poverty [ 3 , 5 , 10 ] and isolation [ 8 , 12 – 14 ]. Additionally, for maltreatment recurrence, the characteristics of the incidence (e.g., types or number of previous episodes of maltreatment) [ 6 , 15 ], the CPS intervention [ 3 , 6 , 11 ], and post-investigation services [ 3 , 6 , 10 , 15 – 17 ] also contribute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative risk effect of household dysfunction for child maltreatment after intensive intervention of the child protection system in Japan: a longitudinal analysis

Ohashi

Wada

Yamaoka

et al. 2018

Environ Health Prev Med

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BackgroundBuilding an effective casework system for child maltreatment is a global issue. We estimated the effect of household dysfunction (i.e., interparental violence, caregiver mental health problems, and caregiver substance abuse) on child maltreatment to understand how to advance the current framework of child welfare.MethodsThe sample comprised 759 children (1- to 17-year-old; mean age was 10.6; 404 boys and 355 girls) placed in temporary custody units (one of the strongest intervention of the Japanese child protection system). Caseworkers from 180 units across 43 prefectures completed questionnaires on children and their family and were asked whether a child maltreatment report had been made after cancelation of custody in a 15-month follow-up period. The relations of household dysfunction and maltreatment reports were assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsAbout half (48.4%) of the children had been placed in the unit because of maltreatment, and 88.3% had a history of victimization. Seventy-six cases had maltreatment reports after cancelation. We entered household dysfunction variables individually into the model, and each had a significant relationship with maltreatment reports (hazard ratios for interparental violence, caregiver mental health problem, and substance abuse were 1.69, 1.69, and 2.19, respectively) after covariate adjustment. When treating these three variables as cumulative risk score model of household dysfunction, the hazard ratio increased with increasing number of score (1.96 for score two; 2.35 for score three; score 0 as reference).ConclusionsGreater household dysfunction score is a risk of maltreatment after intensive intervention. It is imperative to construct systems facilitating cooperation between child and adult service sectors and to deliver seamless services to children and families. Our findings provide child protect services with risk-stratified interventions for children at victimization risk and promote adult-focused services to be proactive in prevention or intervention for adults with perpetration risk.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0703-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative risk effect of household dysfunction for child maltreatment after intensive intervention of the child protection system in Japan: a longitudinal analysis

Ohashi

Wada

Yamaoka

et al. 2018

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Infants and younger children (ages 0–3 years) were also more commonly referred to income, food, and housing support services (e.g., social assistance, food bank, and shelter services) than older children. The importance of adopting a differential approach to child welfare policy, practice, and research that considers child age has been forwarded and is supported by the findings of this study [ 61 ]. Ontario has not yet implemented wide-scale programs with respect to differential response options [ 16 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Infants Investigated by the Child Welfare System: Exploring a Distinct Profile of Risks, Service Needs, and Referrals for Support in Ontario

et al. 2017

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The science of early childhood development underscores that maltreatment and other adversities experienced during infancy heightens the risk for poor developmental and socio-emotional outcomes. Referrals to supportive services by the child welfare system are particularly critical during infancy given the rapidity of brain development and infants’ sensitivity to their environment. The main objectives of the current study are to: (1) examine age-specific differences in clinical and case characteristics; (2) determine the factors associated with the service referral decision involving infants; and (3) explore the types of services families have been referred to at the conclusion of a maltreatment-related investigation. Using data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect for 2013, descriptive analyses were conducted, as was a logistic regression to identify factors associated with the decision to refer families of infants to supportive services. Overall, the findings reveal that the profile of infants and their families differs distinctly from those of older children with respect to risks, service needs, and service referrals, although this is rarely reflected in child welfare practice and policy. Investigations involving infants were most likely to have a referral made to supportive services, least likely to have an infant functioning concern identified; most likely to have a primary caregiver risk factor identified; and, the greatest likelihood of experiencing economic hardship. Multiple risks, identified for the primary caregiver of the infant are correlated to referral decisions for infants. However, the needs of the infant are likely under-identified and require cross-sectorial collaboration.

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“…These landmark Canadian studies have identified age-specific factors associated with the timing of placement, for whom placement, placement changes, and family reunification are most likely to occur in the province [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. There are also numerous examples in the extant literature that highlight the promise of using administrative data to explore recurrence (e.g., [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]). Studies conducted in Quebec, Canada by Hélie and colleagues [ 36 , 40 ] are also notable examples.…”

Section: Ontario Child Welfare: the Data Practice And Policy Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also numerous examples in the extant literature that highlight the promise of using administrative data to explore recurrence (e.g., [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]). Studies conducted in Quebec, Canada by Hélie and colleagues [ 36 , 40 ] are also notable examples.…”

Section: Ontario Child Welfare: the Data Practice And Policy Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Data Drive Policy and Practice in Child Welfare? Making the Link in Canada

Fallon

Filippelli

Black

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Formal university–child welfare partnerships offer a unique opportunity to begin to fill the gaps in the child welfare knowledge base and link child welfare services to the realities of practice. With resources from a knowledge mobilization grant, a formal partnership was developed between the University of Toronto, clinicians, policy analysts, and researchers from child welfare agencies across Ontario. The key objectives of the grant included: (1) enhancing the capacity of service providers to access and analyze child welfare data to inform service and policy decisions; (2) integrating clinical expertise in service and policy decisions; and (3) developing a joint research agenda addressing high-priority knowledge gaps. This partnership was an opportunity to advance the evidence base with respect to service provision in Ontario and to create a culture of knowledge and evidence that would eventually support more complex research initiatives. Administrative data was analyzed for this partnership through the Ontario Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (OCANDS)—the first child welfare data system in Ontario to track child welfare-involved children and their families. Child welfare agencies identified recurrence as an important priority and agency-driven analyses were subsequently conducted on OCANDS generated recurrence Service Performance Indicators (SPI’s). Using an urgent versus chronic investigative taxonomy for analyses, findings revealed that the majority of cases did not recur within 12 months and cases identified as chronic needs are more likely to return to the attention of child welfare authorities. One of the key outcomes of the partnership — helping agencies to understand their administrative data is described, as are considerations for next steps for future partnerships and research.

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A developmental approach to the risk of a first recurrence in child protective services

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Cumulative risk effect of household dysfunction for child maltreatment after intensive intervention of the child protection system in Japan: a longitudinal analysis

Cumulative risk effect of household dysfunction for child maltreatment after intensive intervention of the child protection system in Japan: a longitudinal analysis

Infants Investigated by the Child Welfare System: Exploring a Distinct Profile of Risks, Service Needs, and Referrals for Support in Ontario

How Can Data Drive Policy and Practice in Child Welfare? Making the Link in Canada

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