A developmental study of the relationship between geometry and kinematics in drawing movements.

Viviani, Paolo; Schneider, Roland

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.17.1.198

Cited by 182 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The experimental patterns were comparable to the ones used in previous work (Viviani and Schneider, 1991;. The experimenter demonstrated the elliptic patterns and their approximate orientation with respect to the body.…”

Section: Trials With Elliptical Patternssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…A second set of ellipses was drawn in a diagonal orientation with the long axis pointing approximately from the center of the chest 45 degrees to the right in the x-y plane. This diagonal orientation was chosen because joint limits are not so easily encountered as in other orientations (Viviani and Schneider, 1991). The experimental trials were per-formed in two blocks, each consisting of 10 trials.…”

Section: Trials With Elliptical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Segmentation of endpoint trajectories does not imply segmented control

Sternad¹,

Schaal²

1999

Experimental Brain Research

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Abstract:While it is generally assumed that complex movements consist of a sequence of simpler units, the quest to define these units of action, or movement primitives, still remains an open question. In this context, two hypotheses of movement segmentation of endpoint trajectories in 3D human drawing movements are re-examined: (1) the strokebased segmentation hypothesis based on the results that the proportionality coefficient of the 2/3 power law changes discontinuously with each new "stroke", and (2) the segmentation hypothesis inferred from the observation of piecewise planar endpoint trajectories of 3D drawing movements. In two experiments human subjects performed a set of elliptical and figure-8 patterns of different sizes and orientations using their whole arm in 3D. The kinematic characteristics of the endpoint trajectories and the seven joint angles of the arm were analyzed. While the endpoint trajectories produced similar segmentation features as reported in the literature, analyses of the joint angles show no obvious segmentation but rather continuous oscillatory patterns. By approximating the joint angle data of human subjects with sinusoidal trajectories, and by implementing this model on a 7-degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot arm, it is shown that such a continuous movement strategy can produce exactly the same features as observed by the above segmentation hypotheses. The origin of this apparent segmentation of endpoint trajectories is traced back to the nonlinear transformations of the forward kinematics of human arms. The presented results demonstrate that principles of discrete movement generation may not be reconciled with those of rhythmic movement as easily as has been previously suggested, while the generalization of nonlinear pattern generators to arm movements can offer an interesting alternative to approach the question of units of action.

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Section: Trials With Elliptical Patternssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Trials With Elliptical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation of endpoint trajectories does not imply segmented control

Sternad¹,

Schaal²

1999

Experimental Brain Research

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show abstract

“…2/3-PL evolves with age during childhood (Sciaky et al 1987;Viviani and Schneider 1991) and interacts in subtle ways with the spontaneous tendency to modulate the average velocity as a function of movement size (Viviani and McCollum 1983;Viviani and Cenzato 1985;Viviani et al 2009). …”

Section: Showed That V(t) Is Approximately Proportional To the Cubic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing ellipses in water: evidence for dynamic constraints in the relation between velocity and path curvature

et al. 2016

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Several types of continuous human movements comply with the so-called Two-Thirds Power Law (2/3-PL) stating that velocity (V) is a power function of the radius of curvature (R) of the endpoint trajectory. The origin of the 2/3-PL has been the object of much debate. An experiment investigated further this issue by comparing two-dimensional drawing movements performed in air and water. In both conditions, participants traced continuously quasi-elliptic trajectories (period T = 1.5 s). Other experimental factors were the movement plane (horizontal/vertical), and whether the movement was performed free-hand, or by following the edge of a template. In all cases a power function provided a good approximation to the V-R relation. The main result was that the exponent of the power function in water was significantly smaller than in air. This appears incompatible with the idea that the power relationship depends only on kinematic constraints and suggests a significant contribution of dynamic factors. We argue that a satisfactory explanation of the observed behavior must take into account the interplay between the properties of the central motor commands and the visco-elastic nature of the mechanical plant that implements the commands

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“…s is the curvilinear abscissa. The exponent β is close to 1/3 for adults' drawing [42] and the law has therefore been called the 1/3-power law. Possible description of this relation is that when we draw a shape, we accelerate in the flattest parts and we slow down in the most curved ones.…”

Section: The 1/3-power Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reenacting Sensorimotor Features of Drawing Movements from Friction Sounds

Thoret

Aramaki

Kronland‐Martinet

et al. 2013

From Sounds to Music and Emotions

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Abstract. Even though we generally don't pay attention to the friction sounds produced when we are writing or drawing, these sounds are recordable, and can even evoke the underlying gesture. In this paper, auditory perception of such sounds, and the internal representations they evoke when we listen to them, is considered from the sensorimotor learning point of view. The use of synthesis processes of friction sounds makes it possible to investigate the perceptual influence of each gestures parameter separately. Here, the influence of the velocity profile on the mental representation of the gesture induced by a friction sound was investigated through 3 experiments. The results reveal the perceptual relevance of this parameter, and particularly a specific morphology corresponding to biological movements, the so-called 1/3-power law. The experiments are discussed according to the sensorimotor theory and the invariant taxonomy of the ecological approach.

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A developmental study of the relationship between geometry and kinematics in drawing movements.

Cited by 182 publications

References 47 publications

Segmentation of endpoint trajectories does not imply segmented control

Segmentation of endpoint trajectories does not imply segmented control

Drawing ellipses in water: evidence for dynamic constraints in the relation between velocity and path curvature

Reenacting Sensorimotor Features of Drawing Movements from Friction Sounds

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