A device for the easy centering of a Gandolfi X-ray diffraction camera

Bruiyn, H. de; Westhuizen, W.A. van der; Beukes, G. J.

doi:10.1107/s0021889884011110

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The Gandolfi camera has the added advantage that instead of using the normal powder mount (Azaroff and Buerger, 1958), single crystals or crystal aggregates, without regard to crystal orientation, may also be used, due to the rotational abilities of the camera (Gandolfi, 1967). Centring of the Gandolfi camera was achieved by a locally developed centring device (De Bruiyn et al, 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Changes in Epidemiological Factors on the Composition and Racial Distribution of Renal Calculi

Beukes

Bruiyn

Vermaak

1987

British Journal of Urology

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One thousand and two calculi, which occurred in both black and white patients during a 15-year period, have been analysed by the X-ray diffraction technique. Calcium oxalate calculi were the most common irrespective of race. Whewellite calculi were equally distributed in both race groups, while weddelite stones appeared to be much less common amongst blacks; the opposite applied for struvite and the rare ammonium acid urate stones. The other calculi were approximately equally distributed between the two race groups. A statistically significant rising trend in the prevalence of renal stones in blacks, accompanied by changes in the ratios of the major stone forming constituents, have been a prominent feature of this survey. However, the aforementioned remained unchanged in white patients. Contrary to previous impressions, total urates exceed phosphates in whites as a major stone forming constituent. The composition of upper urinary tract stones in blacks, during the 3-year period 1981 to 1983, was very similar to the composition previously reported for the Sudanese. The profile of renal stones in blacks over the last 3 years, however, is now becoming substantially different from that of the other previously reported surveys and may be approaching that of their white compatriots. A change in the dietary patterns in blacks is occurring which is also reflected in an increasing incidence of ischaemic heart disease and which may also be responsible for the observed changes in renal stones.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Changes in Epidemiological Factors on the Composition and Racial Distribution of Renal Calculi

Beukes

Bruiyn

Vermaak

1987

British Journal of Urology

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“…To obtain good powder-type diffraction patterns, the operator must place the sample to be X-rayed at the precise intersection of two independent rotation axes, that is, the conventional Debye-Scherrer axis and the Gandolfi axis, which is inclined 45' to the former. While sample adjustment was difficult and time-consuming with the original Gandolfi camera, modified Gandolfi cameras as well as additional centering devices have been developed (Nuffield, 1975;Gruttner et al, 1978;De Bruiyn et al, 1984). Another solution to the adjustment problem is presented by Sussieclz-Fornefeld and Schmetzer (1987).…”

Section: Description Of the Three-phase Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Three-Phase Inclusions in Colorless, Yellow, and Blue Sapphires from Sri Lanka

Schmetzer¹,

Medenbach²

1988

Gems & Gemology

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Three-phrase inclusions i n untreated natural colorless, yellow, and blue sapphires from Sri Lanka were found to consist of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide cis well as needle-like to tabular crystals of diaspore. The identification of diaspore was accomplished through the use of a microscope-mounted drill system and an improved version of the Gandolfi X-ray camera. Technical details for both methods are given. The conditions under which diaspore forms as a daughter mineral in corundum are briefly discussed.

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“…Furthermore, the manipulation of the Gandolfi alignment using the conventional telescope needs experienced and skilled operators and is not performable in a short amount of time by each investigator. Thus, modified Gandolfi cameras or additional centering devices were developed in order to facilitate convenient and easy centering techniques for the crystal to be identified (Nuffield, 1975;Griittner et al, 1978;De Bruiyn et al, 1984). Recently, a new camera with a more complex rotation system was introduced by Manners (1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Gandolfi Camera with Improved Adjustment Facilities

Sussieck-Fornefeld

Schmetzer

1987

Powder Diffr.

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Described is an improved Gandolfi camera which overcomes the disadvantages of the adjustment procedure of the conventional instrument. The basic principle of the new construction is the introduction into a camera of a complete goniometer head as sample holder with two 45° rotation axes. Particular advantages of the modified Gandolfi camera are a simple and time saving centering technique as well as convenient combination possibilities of powder and single crystal investigations.

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A device for the easy centering of a Gandolfi X-ray diffraction camera

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Changes in Epidemiological Factors on the Composition and Racial Distribution of Renal Calculi

Effect of Changes in Epidemiological Factors on the Composition and Racial Distribution of Renal Calculi

Examination of Three-Phase Inclusions in Colorless, Yellow, and Blue Sapphires from Sri Lanka

A Modified Gandolfi Camera with Improved Adjustment Facilities

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