A device for the electrophysiological recording of peripheral nerves in response to stretch

Li, Jianming; Shi, Riyi

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.007

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Characterizing the mechanical properties of peripheral nerves is the first step toward understanding the mechanisms of mechanical nerve injury and can be useful in improving patient diagnosis and treatment following nerve trauma. Relevant work has been done on describing the stress and strain of the peripheral nerves, and on finding the limits of elongation beyond which histological and functional changes in the nerve become irreversible . Little is known, however, about in vivo biomechanical properties of human peripheral nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo mechanical properties of human ulnar and median nerves

Tan

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Peripheral nerves are often subjected to mechanical stretching, which in excess results in various degrees of impairment of their function. An understanding of the biomechanical behavior of peripheral nerves is important to the prevention of nerve injury during surgical manipulation. Here, in vitro mechanical properties and viscoelastic behavior of human ulnar/median nerves were measured with a tensile tester. In vivo stress and deformation of an ulnar nerve was also examined in continuity during a surgical procedure. Finite element models were developed to determine in vitro and in vivo viscoelastic parameters of the nerves. The results show that in vitro mechanical properties of fresh ulnar nerve are different from those measured in vivo. Several factors that are possibly attributed to the difference were analyzed. The in situ strain of the nerves is one of the major factors that must be considered to obtain accurate strain-stress relationship in the in vivo measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo mechanical properties of human ulnar and median nerves

Tan

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…Peripheral nerves are under tension and undergo additional tensile loading, or stretch, within a physiological range during growth and voluntary or imposed joint extension and flexion [Topp and Boyd,2006]. Nerves may be lengthened more dramatically during orthopedic or regenerative surgery, including limb‐lengthening procedures [Bora et al,1980; Spiegel et al,1993; Ikeda et al,2000; Jou et al,2000; Abe et al,2002,2003,2004; Yokota et al,2003; Ichimura et al,2005; Lee et al,2006; Li and Shi,2006]. In vivo and in vitro animal models of nerve lengthening suggest that a threshold of strains and strain rates determines whether stretch is injurious or ameliorative, based on the structure and electrical conduction capabilities of the affected nerve [Eggli et al,1999; Shibukawa and Shirai,2001; Shi and Whitebone,2006; Bueno and Shah,2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal dynamics in response to tensile loading of mammalian axons

2010

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In response to an applied tensile load, axons of cultured neurons exhibit a number of morphological responses. We designed and implemented a cell stretching device to study the cellular mechanisms governing these responses. Rat sensory neurons were seeded onto a flexible silicone substrate and imaged during substrate stretch. The positions of stationary mitochondria, docked to the axonal cytoskeleton, were determined before and after 10% stretch, and used to calculate the resulting "instantaneous" strain in regions of the axon. There was dramatic heterogeneity in strain along the length of the stretched axons, particularly in regions shorter than 20 μm. The substrate was then held at 10% strain and the axons imaged for 20 min during "relaxation." Both strain magnitude and variability were larger at small lengths in stretched axons during the initial phase of relaxation, but after 14 min, decreased to levels smaller than those seen in unstretched axons. Mitochondrial pairs in stretched axons showed uncoordinated movement with each other at all lengths, suggesting that cytoskeletal cohesion is reduced after stretch. Collectively, these data present the axonal cytoskeleton as a dynamic structure, which responds to stretch rapidly and locally. Globally, the axon behaves as a viscoelastic continuum. Below a characteristic length, though, it appears to behave as a series of independent linked elements, each with unique mechanical properties which suggests a length scale within which cytoskeletal structural elements may be altered to modulate the biomechanical response of the axon. Finally, testable hypotheses of strain accomodation in the axon are suggested.

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“…33,34 Intriguingly, the maximum strain at which this straightening occurs is just above 8%, the same threshold at which reversible conduction blocks are initiated. 31,35 Second, nerve lengthening has been reported to irreversibly elongate nodes of Ranvier, 32,33,36,37 which by virtue of their small caliber, are particularly susceptible to mechanical loads. Secondary effects of ischemia to compromised blood flow have also been reported, 30,38 but do not likely induce short-term deficits in electrophysiological or morphological properties.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of the Peripheral Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Design of Peripheral Nerve Devices

Shah¹

2014

Handbook of Biomimetics and Bioinspiration

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Devices of increasing functionality, complexity, and innovation have been designed to interface with the peripheral nervous system (PNS), to restore motor and sensory functional losses resulting from a wide range of neuromuscular disorders or injury. In this chapter, we review peripheral nerve anatomy, architecture, and concepts in nerve biomechanics. We then examine peripheral nerve devices currently in use clinically or under development, with an emphasis on physiological and biological interactions with each device. Based on the interplay between nerve architecture, biomechanics, and an implanted device, we suggest several criteria to be factored into design, evaluation, and implementation of the next generation of nerve devices. These include (i) appropriate scaling of a device to a targeted nerve to reduce compression or migration; (ii) lead stabilization or outright elimination; (iii) awareness of natural flexion, excursion, and strain of the targeted nerve prior to and following implantation; (iv) architectural characterization of the implantation site, both geometrically and biomechanically, accounting for subject-to-subject variability; (v) minimization of fibrosis; (vi) utilization of image-guided device implantation; and (vii) appropriate patient selection. Consideration of these criteria may help balance the continued improvement of device capabilities with an appropriate biomechanical and physiological response, towards enhanced neuromuscular and sensory function.

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A device for the electrophysiological recording of peripheral nerves in response to stretch

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

In vitro and in vivo mechanical properties of human ulnar and median nerves

In vitro and in vivo mechanical properties of human ulnar and median nerves

Cytoskeletal dynamics in response to tensile loading of mammalian axons

Bioinspired Design of Peripheral Nerve Devices

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