A Device for the Investigation of Head Injury Effected by Non-Deforming Head Accelerations

Higgins, Lawrence S.; Schmall, Robert A.

doi:10.4271/670905

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, multiple studies identified a correlation between increasing magnitude of rotational acceleration and increasing injury severity. 2,45,62,80 In 2003, Gennarelli et al ., reported a theoretical relationship between increasing rotational acceleration magnitude and injury severity from mild concussion through severe diffuse axonal injury. 32 Acknowledging the confounding influence of acceleration duration, other studies correlated injury tolerance with rotational velocity, computed as the integral of the acceleration vs. time pulse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

et al. 2014

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A majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in motor vehicle crashes and sporting environments are mild and caused by high-rate acceleration of the head. For injuries caused by rotational acceleration, both magnitude and duration of the acceleration pulse were shown to influence injury outcomes. This study incorporated a unique rodent model of rotational acceleration-induced mild TBI (mTBI) to quantify independent effects of magnitude and duration on behavioral and neuroimaging outcomes. Ninety-two Sprague– Dawley rats were exposed to head rotational acceleration at peak magnitudes of 214 or 350 krad/s2 and acceleration pulse durations of 1.6 or 3.4 ms in a full factorial design. Rats underwent a series of behavioral tests including the Composite Neuroscore (CN), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the fixed brains was conducted to assess the effects of rotational injury on brain microstructure as revealed by the parameter fractional anisotropy (FA). While the injury did not cause significant locomotor or cognitive deficits measured with the CN and MWM, respectively, a main effect of duration was consistently observed for the EPM. Increased duration caused significantly greater activity and exploratory behaviors measured as open arm time and number of arm changes. DTI demonstrated significant effects of both magnitude and duration, with the FA of the amygdala related to both the magnitude and duration. Increased duration also caused FA changes at the interface of gray and white matter. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that the consequences of rotational acceleration mTBI were more closely associated with duration of the rotational acceleration impulse, which is often neglected as an independent factor, and highlight the need for animal models of TBI with strong biomechanical foundations to associate behavioral outcomes with brain microstructure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

et al. 2014

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“…The rationale for the selection of the biphasic loading pulse was driven by the technology available for the design of the experimental device rather than any specific application, motor vehicle-related or other events. The first two loading apparatus (head accelerating devices, HAD-I and HAD-II), designed for inducing constrained motions to the head of small-size animals consisted of a cylindrical cam cut on the face (HAD-I) or periphery (HAD-II) of a fly wheel (Higgins and Schmall, 1967). The biphasic pulse was approximately triangular in shape, and peak deceleration magnitudes were equal to approximately one-half of peak acceleration, with 3 ms separation time interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of angular acceleration–deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains

Yoganandan

Lǐ

Zhang

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…(3) The only study known to the author in which the cranium was almost completely protected from deformation during impact was done by Higgins [15] using small primates äs subjects. Caution must be used concerning the direct transfer of results of animal experimentation in the study of the effects of impact energy upon the cerebral functions of man, äs there are marked differences in the relative distribution of mass and in the shape, size, and thickness of the two skulls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerances of the Human Brain to Concussion FAACivil Aeromedical Institute, Oklahoma/City

Swearingen¹

1972

Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering

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A Device for the Investigation of Head Injury Effected by Non-Deforming Head Accelerations

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics Influence Behavioral and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Outcomes Following Concussion

Influence of angular acceleration–deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains

Tolerances of the Human Brain to Concussion FAACivil Aeromedical Institute, Oklahoma/City

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